Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 55, Problem 1S
Refer to figure 55.8. What are the implications for evolutionary divergence among populations that are pan of a metapopulation versus populations that are independent of other populations?
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Try to outline a scenario explaining the evolution of the three species shown in panel g. Use migration, mutation, genetic drift, selection, reproductive isolation, gene flow, extinction, and many generations in your scenario. Based on your scenario, what are the components that are necessary in a population in order for it to split or diverge into two new daughter species from a single ancestor (the parent species)?
Which of the following examples refers to microevolution?
A.In a population of mice, individuals with dark fur are cryptic against the dark soil in their habitat and have higher fitness. Many generations later, the proportion of the population with the allele for dark fur has increased
B. Two populations of the same species are reproductively isolated (no allels/individual , moving between the populations) Over many generations they become so different that they diverge into separate species
C.In a population of lizards, a random event causes one allele to be lost from the population. So, future generations have a lower proportion (zero) of that alele.
Some females seem to prefer the blue color and some females seem to prefer yellow color. If this a diversifying/ disruptive selection, how could diversifying/disruptive selection result in sympatric speciation in this example?
Chapter 55 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 55 - Source-sink metapopulations are distinct from...Ch. 55 - The potential for social interactions among...Ch. 55 - When ecologists talk about the cost of...Ch. 55 - Prob. 4UCh. 55 - The difference between exponential and logistic...Ch. 55 - Prob. 6UCh. 55 - Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 55 - If the size of a population is reduced due to a...Ch. 55 - In populations subjected to high levels of...Ch. 55 - In a population in which individuals are uniformly...
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- Consider the graphic that is presented and depicts the end-point for the following scenario. At some point in the past, species A resided as a large population entirely within a rectangular geographical area. The population became divided into two isolated populations when, during a major earthquake, a mountain range arose and disrupted gene flow. Over time, the two new populations evolved independently from one another, yielding species B and C. The population comprising species C became divided into two isolated populations when another earthquake created an escarpment that disrupted gene flow. Over time, these two new populations evolved independently from one another, yielding species D and E.Imagine that you were to arrive to the region long after species D and E had evolved, completely oblivious to the scenario that is described above; survey the region for living species in this group; and conduct a cladistic analysis on those species. Assuming that the data that you were to…arrow_forwardAfter reading the article'' Did our Species Evolve in Subdivided Populations across Africa, and Why Does It Matter? What is the summary of this article?arrow_forwardGene flow can have one effect in the context of a single population, and a different effect in the context of two populations that were recently isolated from one another. Describe with specificity the effect that gene flow has a) on a single population, as well as b) on two populations that were recently isolated from one another.arrow_forward
- Consider this example. Shorebirds on the Eastern coast of North America feed on the mollusks and tiny crabs along the shore. Birds with tougher beaks are better adapted to crack open the shells of the mollusks, and birds with sharper beaks are better adapted to pierce the shells of crabs. Over time, the shorebirds become two separate species that no longer breed with one another. What type of speciation has occurred? A. Sympatric speciation B. Adaptive speciation C. Microevolution speciation D. Allopatric speciationarrow_forwardIf a geographic barrier is removed and the two reunited populations intermingle and breed, what attributes must the offspring have in order for the two populations, according to the biological species concept, to be considered still the same species?arrow_forwardExplain in 3 or 2 paragraphs -Genetic drift vs Gene flowarrow_forward
- Does this model fit the idea that reproductive isolation can evolve in allopatry as just a byproduct of adaptation of each population to different environments? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. b. Punctuated equilibrium is unlikely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. c. Gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the divergence of species. d. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment.arrow_forwardUse each of the following species concepts to write a claim about whether the dark and light fur mice are, in fact, different species. Your claim should demonstrate your understanding of that particular species concept. Mice with light coat colors are found in populations scattered across the southeastern US. Researchers believe the light coat color emerged in a single population. How would a biologist explain the evolution of the light coat color in populations across the southeastern US? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- According to the punctuated equilibria model,(A) given enough time, most existing species will branchgradually into new species.(B) most new species accumulate their unique features relatively rapidly as they come into existence, then changelittle for the rest of their duration as a species.(C) most evolution occurs in sympatric populations.(D) speciation is usually due to a single mutation.arrow_forwardBriefly describe the following: i) Genetic Drift ii) Gene Flow iii) Heterosis iv)Effective Population v) Adaptive Evolutionarrow_forwardDescribe what happens to allele frequencies as a result of the bottleneck effect. Discuss the relevance of this effect with regard to species that are approaching extinction.arrow_forward
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