Biology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073383071
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 55, Problem 4U
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The clutch size is defined as the number of eggs produced by the birds in a nest. There is a relationship in the clutch size and offspring size in which, as the clutch size increases the size of the offspring decreases.
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a. In our hunt today, what factors besides the interactions between predator and prey, such as weather or surrounding environment, were affecting the population size of each species? Use specific examples.
In populations subjected to high levels of predation
a. individuals should invest little in reproduction so as to maximize their survival.
b. individuals should produce few offspring and invest little in any of them.
c. individuals should invest greatly in reproduction because their chance of surviving to another breeding season is low.
d. individuals should stop reproducing altogether.
___ ___ [two words] refers to the limit an environment places an organism's reproductive success.
Chapter 55 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 55 - Source-sink metapopulations are distinct from...Ch. 55 - The potential for social interactions among...Ch. 55 - When ecologists talk about the cost of...Ch. 55 - Prob. 4UCh. 55 - The difference between exponential and logistic...Ch. 55 - Prob. 6UCh. 55 - Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 55 - If the size of a population is reduced due to a...Ch. 55 - In populations subjected to high levels of...Ch. 55 - In a population in which individuals are uniformly...
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- Which of the following is an example of a question about mechanism (not function)? A. What stimuli triggers a mother bird to feed her nestling? B. How does parental care benefit the mother's inclusive fitness? C. Why do some species have parental care but not others? D. Do mother birds get better at caring for their offspring over time?arrow_forwardSome birds, such as grouse and geese, lay large eggs and have young that are mobile and able to feed themselves at hatching (precocial chicks). Define what is meant by a “tradeoff” and discuss two tradeoffs that might limit clutch size (number of eggs laid in a nest) in these species. Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the name of the "law" described by the formula in (1) (where R is how related two individuals a and b are, B is the reproductive benefit to B and C is the reproductive cost to a? (1) RabBb > Caarrow_forward
- Why were small-beaked medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) most affected by the drought on Daphne major in 1976? A. Being small, they were less able to withstand the high temperatures during the drought B. The type of food that they eat, insects, was depleted C. Their beaks were too small to eat the remaining food, large nuts D. Their territory was taken by large-beaked medium ground finchesarrow_forwardClassify each situation as density-dependent or density-independent AND explain your reasoning. a. Lynx prey on snowshoe hares. An increase in the snowshoe hare population causes an increase in the lynx population. b. Increase in the water temperature causes many aquatic organisms to die.arrow_forward1.2 Answer these "a, b, c" questions, well detailed with a lot of information filled in. It is important to answer with more than 500 to 700 words per paragraph of each question about the endangered animal : beluga A) What are the basic needs of the beluga for it’s survival? Explain them each by one with very detailed explanations. B) Are there rehabilitation measures to restore your territory or protection programs? Please explain well. C) Put a hypothesis on the most important threats to the survival of the beluga in its region.arrow_forward
- What is the best explanation for a decrease in a population of wolves in an area? A. The amount of food decreases. B. The amount of space increases. C. The amount of food increases. D. The amount of competition decreases.arrow_forwarda. Which characteristic found in the prey species is most likely to be advantageous for survival? Why? What environmental factors might influence this? b. Which characteristic was the most successful for each of the predator and the prey populations? What was the selective pressure that allowed this characteristic to be successful? Remember that selective pressures are external factors, either environmental or from a different population. Predator Characteristic: Prey Characteristic: c. For both predator and prey populations, which characteristic was the least successful? What was the selective pressure? Predator Characteristic: Prey Characteristic:arrow_forwardThe second assumption in formulating Lack's (1947) hypothesis is that clutch size affects only offspring survival. The data that are presented in the figure were obtained in an experiment conducted by Schluter and Gustafsson in 1993 to test this assumption. The researchers removed or added eggs to nests and monitored the offspring that hatched from the nests, recording subsequently the reproductive output for offspring females after they had matured. i. Females reared in nests from which eggs had been removed produced larger clutches. ii. Females reared in nests into which eggs had been added produced smaller clutches. iii. Observations described in statements i and ii are consistent with the second assumption. iv. Observations described in statements i and ii reveal a trade-off between offspring quantity and quality. Question 3 options: A) All statements convey accurate information. B) Statements i and ii convey…arrow_forward
- In an experiment in which resource allocation was studied in ovariectomized and sham-operated brown anoles, results showed that - A. Females which laid fewer eggs per clutch had lower rates of survival. B. Allocation to reproduction enhanced the growth and survival of the brown anoles. C. The females which laid eggs more eggs had higher survival rates. D. The females which did not lay eggs showed higher growth and survival rates.arrow_forwardThere are trade-offs between offspring number and quality as well as between offspring number and parental future reproductive success, explain this in your own words in the space providedarrow_forwardA new species is discovered in which males care for offspring after birth, and females leaves the nest immediately. In this species, males are likely to A. Have more offsprings overall than females. B. Have fewer offspring overall than females. C. Be promiscuous. D. Have lower parental investment.arrow_forward
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