BROOKER BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781307656152
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 57.2, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To describe: The effective defense system in deterring invertebrate herbivores.
Introduction: Plants have developed some defense mechanism to protect themselves from animals. Some plants have modified their leaves to thorns and spines as a part of the defense mechanism. Some plants have developed chemicals to protect themselves from a predator.
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Elaborate helps provided by the following materials/compounds in plant defense.
(i)
Phenolic compounds
(ii)
Trichomes
(iii)
Cutin
Which of the following is the function of cytokinin?
A. activation of defense response from biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens
B. structurally related to animal steroid hormones for growth and development
C. long distance (root-to-shoot) signals for nitrogen assimilation
D. defense from necrotrophic pathogens and herbivore insects
Chemical Defenses:
What is the benefit of having an inducible chemical defense, as opposed to a constitutive chemical
defense? (an inducible defense is when the chemical is produced when herbivory is taking place as
opposed to a constitutive defense where the chemical is always present)
Inducible chemical defense best deters herbivory.
With inducible defense predation will take place before a defense compound is produced which means there
is damage to the plant before a defense is employed.
With inducible defense herbivores are deterred even if no defense compound is produced.
With inducible defenses energy is conserved by only producing secondary compounds when needed instead
of continually.
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Chapter 57 Solutions
BROOKER BIOLOGY
Ch. 57.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 57.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 57.1 - Prob. 1EQCh. 57.1 - Prob. 2EQCh. 57.1 - Prob. 3EQCh. 57.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 57.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 57.2 - (a) A quahog clam, cless Bavalvia (b) A chlton,...Ch. 57.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 57.2 - Prob. 2CS
Ch. 57.2 - Core Skill: Connections More than 4,500 species of...Ch. 57.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 57.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 57.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 57.4 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 57 - Prob. 1TYCh. 57 - Prob. 2TYCh. 57 - Prob. 3TYCh. 57 - In Lacks study of passerine birds in Britain,...Ch. 57 - Prob. 5TYCh. 57 - Prob. 6TYCh. 57 - Prob. 7TYCh. 57 - Prob. 8TYCh. 57 - Prob. 9TYCh. 57 - Prob. 10TYCh. 57 - Prob. 1CQCh. 57 - Prob. 2CQCh. 57 - Prob. 1COQCh. 57 - Prob. 2COQCh. 57 - Prob. 3COQ
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- Phenolics, spines, terpenes, cutins, defense related proteins and suberin are some examples of plant defense. Plants are evolving to put up a fight against plant pathogen invasion. (i) Classify them into TWO (2) main classes of plant defense. (ii) What are the roles of terpenes in plant defense?arrow_forwardEpidermal growth factor, Platelet derived growth factor and nerve growth factor are all examples of what type of signaling molecule? a)local mediator b)hormone c)neurotransmitter d)All of the other answers are correct e)contact dependent signaling molecule.arrow_forward3. How do plants protect themselves from pathogens? I. They have specialized cells and antibodies that search and destroy pathogens. II. They have cell-surface receptors that recognize pathogens and elicit defense responses. III. They have impenetrable physical barriers such as bark and waxy cuticles. IV. They are capable of localized response characterized by self-destruction of plant cells around the site of infection. * I, III, and IV I, II, and IV I, II, III, and IV II, III, and IV No answerarrow_forward
- Why last option is wrong?arrow_forwardComparison between plants and humans defenses in DEFENSE MECHANISMS sarrow_forwardWhich of the following are examples of indirect chemical defenses? (Select all that apply). Extrafloral nectar Toxins Trichomes Compounds that make the plant taste bad Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)arrow_forward
- Choose the one answer that fits best. Which of the following is NOT true with respect to plant defenses? O a. Plants are susceptible to infections by bacteria and fungi. O b. Some plant produce chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plant species. O c. Some plant produce pheromones to alert other members of the same species of the presence of herbivores. d. Some plants produce volatile chemicals with strong odors that are unpleasant to herbivores. e. All plants produce toxic chemicals to prevent infection from bacteria and fungi as well as to deter herbivores.arrow_forwardSystemic acquired resistance______ . a. occurs in response to pathogen detection b. causes the release of volatile chemicals c. is a hypersensitive response to pathogens d. defends the plant against herbivory e. does not involve hormonesarrow_forwardShow a picture or draw Of Rice plant with the pest repellent property of Basil leaves (3d Model)arrow_forward
- Fat-soluble signaling molecules cross the cell membrane; but they affect only the target cells because: A) Only in target cells is the signaling molecule capable of initiating the phosphorylation chain that activates ion channels. B) only target cells have enzymes that break down the signaling molecule C) intracellular receptors are present only on target cells D) only targets have the appropriate DNA segmentsarrow_forwardRefer to figure 1C of the Science Article. Which methylxanthine spray produces the lowest antifeeding activity. C Antifeeding activity (percent of leaf area remaining) 40 IBMX (•): 3-isobutylmethylxanthine, synthetic Caffeine (A): naturally present in plants Theophylline (o): naturally present in small amounts in tea and cocoa beans, used to treat asthma 8-phenyltheophylline (0): synthetic, works by a different mechanism. 0000 Ο 0 0.1 0.3 1.0 35 Methylxanthine spray (gram-percent) IBMX Caffeine Theophylline 8-phenyltheophyllinearrow_forwardIn response to plant pathogens, plants will ______ hypersensitivity response and ____ salicyclic acid levels. Select one: a. suppress, increase b. suppress, decrease c. promote, decrease d. promote, increasearrow_forward
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