Concept explainers
Inhibition implies that competition exists between species, with early-arriving species tending to outcompete later arrivals, at least for a while. Does competition or mutualism feature more prominently in facilitation?
Figure 58.8 Three models of succession. A, B, C, and D represent four stages, with D representing the climax community. An arrow means “is replaced by,” + stands for “facilitation,” − stands for “inhibition,” and 0 indicates no effect. The facilitation model is the classic model of succession. In the inhibition model, early-arriving species outcompete later-arriving species. The tolerance model depends on which species gets there first. The colored arrows show that succession may bypass some stages in the tolerance model.
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- Capturing and relocating is stressful for animals. In the zebra example, what are the stages of reintroduction, and what purpose does each step serve? Why is the buffalo considered a success story for reintroduction? (And -- based on what you know from lecture, what type of population growth pattern does this indicate?) Park managers use the term “adaptive management”; what do you think this means, and what are two benefits of this approach to managing ecosystems?arrow_forwardCompetition between species on the same trophic tier leads to four potential outcomes, 3 are deterministic (zero sum games where one species goes extinct and the other maximizes their growth to balance at the carrying capacity) and one where both competitors survive, but neither does well. A) This dynamic suggests that extirpation (local extinction) of populations is a far more likely outcome than co-existence. How does this affect management policies aimed at increasing biodiversity and proliferation of inter and intra population and interspecies variation. B) Endangered species are defined by low growth rates (r) and low K (reflecting high demand for resources). What are the implications of both these factors on the outcome of competition scenarios, especially the most common scenario of alternate stable states?arrow_forwardThe graph above is from a paper by Dave Tilman published in 1994. Which of the following statements is consistent with the graph? A) The results contradicts the intermediate disturbance hypothesis B) Increasing diversity increases community stability C) The results support the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.arrow_forward
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