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Introduction: An internal
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 404, mandates that the annual report include an internal control report in which management must:
- Declare its responsibility for establishing and maintaining an acceptable financial reporting internal control structure and processes.
- Examine the efficacy of its financial reporting internal control structure and procedures.
To state:The main components of IBM’s internal control structure.
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Introduction: The process of auditing a company's financial statements and underlying data in order to provide an opinion on whether they are honestly presented is known as auditing.
To state:The IBM external auditor, along with what else does this firm examines in addition to IBM’s financial statements. Also state the body’s standards that the firm follow in conducting the audit.
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Introduction: The audit committee is a subsection of the board of directors that keeps stockholders and the independent accounting firm in direct communication.
To state:The roles and the composition of IBM’s Audit Committee.
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Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers
- Identify the following as True or False: Managerial accounting reports must comply with the rules set in place by the FASB. Financial accounting reports are typically general-purpose reports. Financial accounting reports pertain to the entity as a whole, whereas managerial accounting focuses more on subunits of the organization. The main users of the financial accounting information are the internal users. Managerial reports are prepared on an as-needed basis. Financial accounting reports often must be audited at least annually by an independent auditor.arrow_forwardThe following are selected portions of the report ofmanagement from a published annual report.REPORT OF MANAGEMENTManagement’s Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingThe Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequateinternal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financialreporting is a process designed under the supervision of its President and ChiefExecutive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regardingthe reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financialstatements for external reporting in accordance with accounting principles generallyaccepted in the United States of America. Management evaluates the effectiveness ofthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth bythe Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO)in Internal Control–Integrated Framework. Management, under the…arrow_forwardUsing Republic Financial Holdings 2022 annual report, Identify and discuss key accounting principles and standards applied in the company’s financial reporting process indicating their reasons for choosing these and how they were applied. Comment briefly on the appropriateness of the choices made given the company’s industry, location and type (e.g. MNC, regional conglomeratearrow_forward
- **Objective Question:** In the context of accounting practices, what term refers to the mandatory periodic rotation of audit firms tasked with auditing a company's financial statements to enhance independence and objectivity? a) Financial disclosure b) Audit rotation c) Tax planning d) Cost accountingarrow_forwardIf you are the Management Accountant of a company, you would be primarily concerned with: a. Reporting of past data b. Providing useful information to external users c. Helping the management in preparing plans and forecasts for future activities of business d. The annual reporting of company’s financial performancearrow_forwardComparing managerial accounting and financial accounting For each of the following, indicate whether the statement relates to managerial accounting (MA) or financial accounting (FA): It helps investors make investment decisions. Provides detailed reports on parts of the company. Helps in planning and controlling operations. Reports must follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Reports audited annually by independent certified public accountants.arrow_forward
- Comparing managerial accounting and financial accounting For each of the following, indicate whether the statement relates to managerial accounting (MA) or financial accounting (FA): a. Helps investors make investment decisions. b. Provides detailed reports on parts of the company. c. Helps in planning and controlling operations. d. Reports must follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). e. Reports audited annually by independent certified public accountants.arrow_forwardEvery annual report of a public company includes an extensive discussion and analysis provided by thecompany’s management. Specifically, which aspects of the company must this discussion address? Isn’tmanagement’s perspective too biased to be of use to investors and creditors?arrow_forwardPLEASE ANSWER ALL 4. Management accounting informationa. Pertains to entity as a whole and is highly aggregated.b. Must be prepared according to generally accepted accounting principles.c. Pertains to subunits of the entity and maybe very detailed.d. Is prepared only once a year. 5. Which of the following is not an internal user?a. Corporate officersb. Staff employeesc. Stockholdersd. Department manager 6. Which term describes management accounting reports?a. GAAP reportsb. Special purposec. General-purposed. Regulatory reportsarrow_forward
- 6) If you are the Management Accountant of a company, you would be primarily concerned with: a. Providing useful information to external users b. Reporting of past data c. Helping the management in preparing plans and forecasts for future activities of business d. The annual reporting of company’s financial performancearrow_forward. A public company’s annual report filed with the SEC includesa. a description of the business.b. financial statements.c. management’s explanations for trends in sales.d. All of the above are included in an annual report.arrow_forwardAnalysts gather additional information to provide insight about management’s financial statements. Discuss the importance of doing the following: considering the financial reporting history of the company. investigating large and unusual changes in reported items.arrow_forward
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