Microeconomic Theory
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337517942
Author: NICHOLSON
Publisher: Cengage
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Adam Smith from the Classical School had introduced the “water-diamond paradox” in his Theory of Value. But he did not solve the paradox because he failed to understand the concept of utility. Explain by demonstrating relevant graph how this paradox was solved by William Stanley Jevons from the Marginalist School by using law of diminishing marginal utility.
a. What is an Inferior good? Sketch an Engel curve for inferior goods and clearly label the two axes.
b. Briefly explain why demand may increase as price increases? (Hint: think about substitution and income
effects.)
c. What is the relationship between Inferior and Giffen goods? Use a Slutsky equation to justify your statement.
d. Some people may work less when their wage rates go up. Why is it the case? (Hint: think about
substitution effect and endowment income effect).
(a) If a consumer has to choose between McDonald burger and King Burger, both are perfect substitute to each other. Explain the conditions of consumer's equilibrium with the help of graph.
(b) Suppose that the price of commodity Y is $ 20 per unit while the price of commodity X is $ 15
per unit and suppose that an individual’s money income is $ 100 per period and is all spent on X & Y.
Draw the budget constraint line for this consumer at the initial point.
If the price of X decreases to $10, incorporate BL2 showing change in the Budget line.
Calculate slope of Budget Line for both cases.
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- Think of ticket scalpers at a rock concert, a baseball game, oran opera. Might they exist because the tickets to these eventswere originally sold for less than the equilibrium price? Whyor why not? In what way is a ticket scalper like and unlikeyour retail grocer, who buys food from a wholesaler and thensells it to you?arrow_forwardEconomist George Stigler once wrote that, accordingto consumer theory, “if consumers do not buy lessof a commodity when their incomes rise, they willsurely buy less when the price of the commodityrises.” Explain this statement using the concepts ofincome and substitution effectsarrow_forwardDon't given AI answers Economists say that a market where goods are not consumed by those valuing the goods most highly is O laissez-faire.. unequal. O inefficient. O rational.arrow_forward
- Suppose there are three (3) people in a market for bottles of perfume; Mutumbu, Jasanu and Julius The individual demand for perfumes for each of these consumers is given as 10 bottles for Mutumbu, 15 bottles for Jasanu and 25 bottles for Julius at $60 per bottle for perfume. Thus, the market demand for perfumes if the market price is $60 is. (a)40 bottles (b)60 bottles (c)80 bottles (d) None of theb abovearrow_forwardState whether each of the following statements is trueor false. Explain your answers.a. “All Giffen goods are inferior goods.”b. “All inferior goods are Giffen goods.”arrow_forwardUsing separate diagrams illustrate the income and substitution effects of a price increase for an inferior good, explaining the two possisble outcomes.arrow_forward
- 3 part question, please answer completely: Jaime has preferences over GOOD (A) and GOOD (B), with $60 to spend on the two goods. The market price of GOOD A is currently $3. However, if she purchases a membership to Costco for $10, she can purchase GOOD B for $2. However, Costco does not sell GOOD B and can only be bought at a price of $1. 1. Write down the mathematical expression describing Jaime budget constraint for two separate cases. In the first, she does not buy the Costco membership, but in the second she does. Very carefully, graph both budget constraints on the same diagram with GOOD B on the horizontal axis and GOOD A on the vertical axis, again labeling all slopes and intercepts. A clear illustration will help you with the following subquestions. Assume for now that Jaime's preferences satisfy the standard consumer theory assumptions: they are monotonic, she has a diminishing marginal rate of substitution, etc so can you say for certain if Jaime will choose to buy the…arrow_forwardTrue or False. State with reasoning: The theory of second best says that if there is a distortion that cannot be removed from the market, then it is never best to get all other variables to the Pareto efficient allocation.arrow_forwardAnya is awake for 100 hours per week. Using onediagram, show Anya’s budget constraints if sheearns $12 per hour, $16 per hour, and $20 per hour.Now draw indifference curves such that Anya’slabor-supply curve is upward-sloping whenthe wage is between $12 and $16 per hour andbackward-sloping when the wage is between $16and $20 per hourarrow_forward
- Candance’s general budget constraint for the two goods is a follow: B= PxX + PyY Also, her marginal utilities are: MUx =30X^2Y^3 and MUy =30X^3Y^2 A. Derive the Hicksian demand for good X at these prices. Hint, you need to choosethe three correct equations you’ve derived above and solve simultaneously. Also,draw both demand curves on the same graph.B. Using the information derived in parts A and B, what is the substitution effect andincome effect obtained when changing the price of good X from a value of 1 to avalue of 2.arrow_forwardEconomists say that a market where goods are not consumed by those valuing the goods most highly is O laissez-faire.. unequal. O inefficient. O rational.arrow_forward(a) Draw a figure showing the separation of the substitution effect from the income effect (as defined by Hick) for a price increase. (b) Draw another figure showing the derivation of two demand curves for a price increase, one that keeps money income constant and the other that keeps real income constant as defined by Hicks (c) Which of the two demand curves you derived in part (b) is more price elastic for the price increase? Why? Would your answer change if the good were inferior? (d) Draw another figure showing why the demand curve that keeps money income is not really a demand curve at all.arrow_forward
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