Chapter 6, Problem 6D.4BST

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aqueous solution of ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}$ is acetic, basic or neutral has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Bronsted-Lowry theory: It is based on an acid–base reaction, in this when acid react with base each other, by exchanging of protons the acid forms conjugate base and the base forms as conjugate acid.

Definition of acid and base: If a substance dissociates in water it gives H⁺ ions (hydrogen ions) is called acid and in the case of base it gives OH^- ions (hydroxide ions).

Acidic solution: All cations with the conjugate acids of weak bases is called acidic aqueous solution.  When the metal cations have more positive charge then it acts as Lewis acid in aqueous solution.

Neutral solution: If the metal cations are very large or it have very low positive charge then it is considered as neutral cations.  In the case of strong acids, the anions are considered as neutral in water.

Basic solution: All anions with the conjugate bases of weak acids is called basic aqueous solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aqueous solution of ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$ is acetic, basic or neutral has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aqueous solution of ${\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ is acetic, basic or neutral has to be determined

Concept introduction:

Refer to part (a).