Concept explainers
a.
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational
First normal form (1NF):
- If a table does not contain any replicate fields or groups of fields then that model is called as first normal form.
- In this form, entities do not contain any single instance of the repeating variable.
- It means that the entities contain only one instance of the attributes, multi-valued attributes are neglected.
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
b.
Explanation of Solution
Dependencies diagrams for each database table:
Table1:
Create the database table with name of Table1 is given below:
Table1 (ISBN, BookTitle, Edition)
- Here, “ISBN” indicates the primary key.
- “BookTitle” and “Edition” are partial dependent on ISBN.
Normal form:
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram for table1 is shown below:
Table2:
Create the database table with name of Table2 is given below:
Table2 (BookTitle, Publisher)
- “BookTitle” are transitive dependent on “Publisher”.
Normal form:
- The relation is in second normal form (2NF), because there is transitive dependency in this database table.
The representation of dependency diagram for table2 is shown below:
Table3:
Create the database table with name of Table3 is given below:
Table3 (Author_Num, LastName)
- Here, “Author_Num” indicate the primary key...
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
- The dependency diagram below indicates that authors are paid royalties foreach book that they write for a publisher. The amount of the royalty can vary by author,by book, and by edition of the book.Based on the dependency diagram, create a database whose tables are at least in 2NF,showing the dependency diagram for each table.arrow_forwardExercise 6 page 233 Given the dependency diagram shown in Figure Q6.6, answer Items 6a−6c. Identify and discuss each of the indicated dependencies. Create a database whose tables are at least in 2NF, showing the dependency dia- grams for each table. Create a database whose tables are at least in 3NF, showing the dependency dia- grams for each table.arrow_forwardThe dependency diagram in Figure Q6.8 indicates that a patient can receive many prescriptions for one or more medicines over time. Based on the dependency diagram, create a database whose tables are in at least 2NF, showing the dependency diagram for each table.arrow_forward
- Given the dependency diagram: a.Identify and dicuss each of the indicated dependencies. b.Create a database whose tables are atleast in 2NF,showing the dependency diagram for each table. c.Create a database whose tables are atleast in 3NF,showing the dependency diagram for each table.arrow_forwardDeepClean StaffID ContractNo HoursPerWeek StaffName OfficeNo OfficeLocation 101 C90 16 Anne O25 Ampang 102 C90 24 Rita O25 Ampang 103 C91 28 Mandy O7 Kg Baru 101 C91 16 Anne O7 Kg Baru Draw the dependency diagram and label the primary key(s), partial dependency(s) and transitive dependency. Based on the dependency diagram in Question (a), show the Second Normal Form (2NF) relations. Convert the relations to the Third Normal Form (3NF).arrow_forwardConsider the following relational schema for a library database: Book (Title, Author, Catalog_no, Publisher, Year, Price, bookCoverType, contractDate) Collection (Title, Author, Catalog_no) Assume {Author, Title} is the key for both relations Additional functional dependencies are Title,Author --> Catalog_no Catalog_no --> Publisher, Year, bookCoverType Publisher, bookCoverType --> Price Author --> contractDate a) Explain what normal form the relation is in. b) Apply normalization until the 3rd State reasons behind each normalizationarrow_forward
- Read the following business rules carefully and use common sense when necessary to come up with a good database design as follows: 1- First, develop an ER model. Make sure to use meaningful entity names and relations. 2- Translate ER model into a set of tables, relations and constraints. 3- Label appropriate columns as primary keys and foreign keys. Business rules: A patient can make many appointments with one or more doctors in the clinic, and a doctor can accept appointments with many patients. However, each appointment is made with only one doctor and one patient. Emergency cases do not require an appointment. However, for appointment management purposes, an emergency is entered in the appointment book as “unscheduled.” If kept, an appointment yields a visit with the doctor specified in the appointment. The visit yields a diagnosis and, when appropriate, treatment. With each visit, the patient’s records are updated to provide a medical history Each patient visit…arrow_forwardUsing the descriptions of the attributes given in the figure, convert the ERD shown in Figure P6.2 into a dependency diagram that is in at least 3NF.arrow_forward
- Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305627482Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage LearningDatabase Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285196145Author:Steven, Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel, Carlos, Coronel, Carlos; Morris, Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel; Steven Morris, Steven Morris; Carlos CoronelPublisher:Cengage Learning