Concept explainers
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational
First normal form (1NF):
- If a table does not contain any replicate fields or groups of fields then that model is called as first normal form.
- In this form, entities do not contain any single instance of the repeating variable.
- It means that the entities contain only one instance of the attributes, multi-valued attributes are neglected.
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 6 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
- The dependency diagram below indicates that authors are paid royalties for each book they write for a publisher. The amount of the royalty can vary by author, by book, and by edition of the book. (10) a) Based on the dependency diagram above, create a database whose tables are at least in 2NF, showing the dependency diagram for each table. b) Create a database whose tables are in 3NF, showing the dependency diagram for each table. (8) (8)arrow_forwardThe dependency diagram indicates that authors are paid royalty for each book they write for a publisher.The amount of royalty can vary by author,by book ,and by edition of the book. a.Based on the dependency diagram,create a database whose tables are atleast in 2NF showing the dependency diagram for each table. b.Create a database whose tables are atleast in 3NF,showing the dependency diagram for each table.arrow_forwardCreate a database whose tables are at least in 3NF, showing the dependency diagrams for each table.arrow_forward
- QUESTION 1 The dependency diagram in figure below indicates that authors are paid royalties for each book that they write for a publisher. The amount of the royalty can vary by author, by book, and by edition of the book. Book royalty dependency diagram See attached for diagram Based on the dependency diagram, create a database whose tables are at least in 2NF, showing the dependency diagram for each table Create a database whose tables are at least in 3NF, showing the dependency diagram for each table.arrow_forwardGiven the following relation R and its functional dependencies: R(workerNumber, repairNumber, workerName, machineNumber, spentTime, repairDate, machineName, workshopNumber, workshopName ) workerNumber à workerName repairNumber à repairDate, machineNumber machineNumber à machineName, workshopNumber workshopNumber à workshopName 1)Create a database whose tables are at least in 3NF, showing the dependency diagrams for each tablearrow_forwardExercise 6 page 233 Given the dependency diagram shown in Figure Q6.6, answer Items 6a−6c. Identify and discuss each of the indicated dependencies. Create a database whose tables are at least in 2NF, showing the dependency dia- grams for each table. Create a database whose tables are at least in 3NF, showing the dependency dia- grams for each table.arrow_forward
- Given the following relation R and its functional dependencies: R(workerNumber, repairNumber, workerName, machineNumber, spentTime, repairDate, machineName, workshopNumber, workshopName ) workerNumber à workerName repairNumber à repairDate, machineNumber machineNumber à machineName, workshopNumber workshopNumber à workshopName Explain the types of all the dependencies in the relation R. Create a database whose tables are at least in 3NF, showing the dependency diagrams for each table.arrow_forwardnormalize the database shown in ER diagram below (Figure1) up to at least 3NF, Hand In, A complete set of functional dependencies identifiedarrow_forwardConsider the E-R diagram for a university database as shown in Figure 1. What is NOT true about instructorand department?(a) A department may have many instructors.(b) An instructor may be associated with multiple departments.(c) An instructor may exist without being associated with any department.(d) none of the abovearrow_forward
- Consider the following relational schema for a library database: Book (Title, Author, Catalog_no, Publisher, Year, Price, bookCoverType, contractDate) Collection (Title, Author, Catalog_no) Assume {Author, Title} is the key for both relations Additional functional dependencies are Title,Author --> Catalog_no Catalog_no --> Publisher, Year, bookCoverType Publisher, bookCoverType --> Price Author --> contractDate a) Explain what normal form the relation is in. b) Apply normalization until the 3rd State reasons behind each normalizationarrow_forwardConsider the E-R diagram for a university database as shown in Figure 1. What is NOT true about instructorand student?(a) An instructor can advise more than one students.(b) A student can be advised by more than one instructors.(c) A student may not have an instructor as advisor.(d) none of the above.arrow_forward
- Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285196145Author:Steven, Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel, Carlos, Coronel, Carlos; Morris, Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel; Steven Morris, Steven Morris; Carlos CoronelPublisher:Cengage Learning