Concept explainers
To describe: The happenings in the wells with agglutination.
Introduction: The process of formation of visible clumps due to the reaction takes place between an antigen and antibody is termed as agglutination. Agglutination occurs due to the reaction between the specific antibodies with the antigens present on the blood cell.
Explanation of Solution
The blood typing procedure is performed using the antisera possessing a high titer of anti-A and anti-B antibodies. The red blood cells possess two types of surface antigens, namely A and B antigens. The blood group was classified into four groups A, B, AB, and O on the basis of the presence of these antigens.
In the wells, the sample of blood is mixed with the antiserum containing the antibodies. The reaction between the antigen and antibody indicates the group of the blood. If agglutination occurs in the well containing anti-A antiserum, then the blood group is A. If agglutination occurs in the well containing anti-B antiserum, then the blood group is B. If agglutination occurs in the well containing both the anti-A and B antiserum, the blood group is AB. The absence of agglutination in both the wells containing anti-A and anti-B antiserum indicates the blood group of O.
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