Concept explainers
What are three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria?
To review:
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria.
Introduction:
Mitochondria and chloroplast are two different cell organelles. Mitochondria functions in the production of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and the function of the chloroplast is to convert solar light energy into sugar.
Explanation of Solution
Mitochondria and chloroplast are the eukaryotic organelles, which are similar to the bacterial cell.
Similar to the bacterial genome, the mitochondria and chloroplast contain their own genetic material. The genetic material is in the form of small, circular chromosomes. The extra chromosomal material, that is, the plasmid, is also present in the mitochondria and chloroplast, similar to the bacteria. Since these organelles possess their own genetic material, they synthesize their own protein.
The mitochondria and chloroplast produce their own ribosomes. The protein production pattern in these organelles is also similar to that in bacteria. It starts with the N-formylmethionine amino acid.
The mitochondria and chloroplast make their own copies by the process of binary fission, which is same as the bacterial cell division. Mitochondria and chloroplast also divide and give rise to identical organelles like bacteria.
These attributes of the mitochondria and chloroplast suggest that these organelles were once free-living bacteria.
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria are that they both produce their own ribosomes as well as small, circular chromosomes, and they both divide independently by binary fission like bacteria.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE VOL. 1 >IC<
- How can the hypothesis that asserts that chloroplasts as well as mitochondria were primitive prokaryotes that associated in mutualism with primitive anaerobic eukaryotic cells be corroborated?arrow_forwardWhat is the major structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?arrow_forwardWhat evidence supports the idea that the mitochondrion andchloroplast were once free-living members of the domainBacteria?arrow_forward
- What are mitochondria? What is their structure, function, and where did they come from during evolution?arrow_forwardWhat key aspects of chloroplasts(and mitochondria) are consistent with the theory that they mayhave once been bacteria? List three specific features.arrow_forward. In what ways are bacteria and archaea essential to eukaryotic life?arrow_forward
- Where does photosynthesis take place in prokaryotes such as Cyanobacteria?arrow_forwardHow can Prokaryotic cells be smaller than Eukaryotic cells and still carry on all the functions of life?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between structure and function of Mitochondria and chloroplastarrow_forward
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