Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260791563
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 3TYC
How does the regulation of blood calcium concentration exemplify negative feedback and homeostasis?
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Name effector sites for calcium homeostasis?
King Egbert VI is falling ill. His calcium concentration is dropping to dangerously low levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released and blood calcium levels begin to rise. Shortly after, PTH release slows. Is this an example of a positive or negative feedback mechanism and what is the initial stimulus?
a)
Positive feedback; reduced PTH
b)
Negative feedback; increase PTH release
c)
Positive feedback; decline in calcium release
d)
Negative feedback; low calcium
e)
Negative feedback; reduced PTH
Draw a negative feedback loop for blood calcium regulation.
Falling calcium level signals release of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands. Calcium is released from bones, increased uptake by digestive system.
Rising calcium level signals release of calcitonin from the thyroid. Blood calcium is taken up into bone tissue.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 7.1 - Name at least five tissues found in a boneCh. 7.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 7.1 - The branch of medicine and biology that deals with...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 7.1 - Other anatomical features of a long bone including...
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 7.2 - Suppose you had unlabeled electron micrographs of...Ch. 7.2 - Name three organic components of the bone matrix.Ch. 7.2 - What are the mineral crystals of bone called, and...Ch. 7.2 - Sketch a cross section of an osteon and label its...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 7.2 - Histology of Osseous Tissue 1. The four cell type...Ch. 7.2 - Organic and inorganic components of the bone...Ch. 7.2 - Osteon structure and the relationship of osteonic...Ch. 7.2 - The route by which nerves and blood vessels...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 7.3 - Describe the stages of intramembranous...Ch. 7.3 - Describe how a cartilage model is transformed into...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 7.3 - Stages of intramembranous ossification; some bones...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 7.3 - How stresses on bones remodel item throughout...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 7.4 - The role of the skeleton as a calcium reservoir in...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 7.5 - Causes of osteoporosis: its risk factor,...Ch. 7 - Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 7 - Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common...Ch. 7 - The walls between cartilage lacunae break down in...Ch. 7 - Which of these is not an effect of PTH? a. rise in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 7 - One long bone meets another at its a. diaphysis....Ch. 7 - Calcitriol is made from a. calcitonin. b....Ch. 7 - One sign of osteoporosis is a. osteosarcoma. b....Ch. 7 - Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 7 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 7 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 7 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 7 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 7 - ortho-Ch. 7 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 7 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 7 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 7 - spic-Ch. 7 - topo-Ch. 7 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 7 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 7 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 7 - The growth zone of the lone bones of adolescents...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 7 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 7 - Whats Wrong with These Statements? 7. The protein...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 7 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 7 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 7 - Most osteocytes of an osteon are far removed from...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 7 - How does the regulation of blood calcium...Ch. 7 - Describe how the arrangement of trabeculae in...Ch. 7 - Identify two bone diseases you would expect to see...
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- Describe the roles of calcium in the cell, and the mechanisms that the cell uses to control intracellular calcium levels (90%). Name at least two drugs that affect these processes, indicating their mechanism of action and effect on calcium levels (10%).arrow_forwardWhat is calcium’s role in neurotransmitter release? How does it get in to the cell?arrow_forwardHow does PTH, or the parathyroid hormone work through three simultaneous mechanisms to increase blood calcium level?arrow_forward
- What is a potential reason as to why intracellular calcium levels increase even after a depolarization pulse in a neuron?arrow_forwardWhat is the type of this protein is used to regulate / maintain the calcium level of the blood?arrow_forwardState the effector and sensor of this system. Then choose if it utilizes a feedforward, negative feedback or positive feedback strategy.arrow_forward
- What are the effectors that alter your body's calcium levels in order to maintain homestasis?arrow_forwardThe hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? (a) A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further lowers blood glucose concentration. (b) An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration. (c) A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration. (d) An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration. (e) None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following hormones are released when blood calcium levels fall? Question 97 options: a) Calcitonin b) Thyroxin c) Hydroxyapatite d) Parathyroid hormonearrow_forward
- Why would calcium homeostasis be impaired in response to removal of the thyroid gland?arrow_forwardFor each of the following scenarios explain how blood calcium would be effected (increased or decrease) and describe the pathway that results in an alteration of calcium levels. A: Jackie goes on a tropical vacation. B: Larry has takes a medication that osteoblasts more active. C: Lisa has an operation to remove her parathyroid glands.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about calcium homeostasis is FALSE? *PTH stimulates calcium uptake by bonesThe parathyroid gland secretes PTH in response to low calcium levels.The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin in response to high blood calcium levels.Calcitonin targets bone cells..Calcitonin and PTH are antagonistic hormones (have opposing functions)..arrow_forward
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