Calculate the change in the entropies of the system and the surroundings, and the total change in entropy, when the volume of a sample of argon gas of mass 21 g at 298 K and 1.50 bar increases from 1.20 dm3 to 4.60 dm3 in (a) an isothermal reversible expansion, (b) an isothermal irreversible expansion against pex = 0, and (c) an adiabatic reversible expansion.

One geoengineering solution to prevent global warming is to increase Earth’s albedo by adding particles to the stratosphere that can reflect sunlight or increasing cloudiness over the oceans. By how much does the albedo have to change to reduce the Earth’s temperature by 1 degree K? What is the corresponding energy difference in W/m2? Assume a one layer atmosphere modelthat is transparent to visible light and opaque to surface emitted IR, a solar constant of 1360W/m2 and an initial albedo of 0.30.

When the potential energy of a conservative system increases, the kinetic energy?