Interpretation:
The pathway for the conversion of a starting material into products for each of the given reaction is to be provided.
Concept Introduction:
▸ Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.
▸ Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.
▸ Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has unpaired electrons which makes it highly chemically reactive.
▸ Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
▸ Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
▸ Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
▸ The reduction of
▸ Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction that leads to the formation of
▸ Sodium amide is a strong base and it helps in the formation of acetylide that can be converted into a bigger alkyne by adding alkylhalide.
▸
▸ Chair conformations: It is the most stable conformation, which accurately shows the spatial arrangement of atoms.
▸ Equatorial bonds are parallel to the average plane of the ring, while axial bonds are perpendicular to the average plane of the ring.
▸ The conformation having bonds at the equatorial positions are more stable than those with bonds at the axial position.
▸ On flipping the cyclohexane ring, axial bonds become equatorial bonds and equatorial bonds becomes axial bond.
▸ Bulkier group acquires equatorial positions to form stable conformer due to steric factors.
▸ In alkenes, if the higher priority group on both the carbon is on the same side, configuration is termed as Z-configuration.
▸ In alkenes, if the higher priority group on both the carbon is on the opposite side, configuration is termed as E-configuration.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 7 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Using only organic reagents of 4 carbons or fewer, as well as any necessary solvents/inorganic reagents, propose a synthesis of the molecule below. Assume all products can be separated easily. If more than one product is to be expected in any step, indicate which product will be taken further.arrow_forwardSelect from the Table provided the reagent you would use to carry out each of the transformations below.arrow_forwardPlease give a detailed stepwise mechanism for the following reactions. All arrows, charges, and intermediates must be shown.arrow_forward
- Please devise syntheses of the product compounds below from their respective starting materials. Each of the synthesis will require multiple steps.arrow_forwardPropose a reasonable transformation route for the following starting with the given starting material and any necessary reagents. You need to provide the major reaction product’s structure(s) of each step of synthesis.arrow_forwardIn the following reaction Series, write down the appropriate reagents that can be used where there are question marksarrow_forward
- Identify the reagents you would use to accomplish each of the following reactionsarrow_forwardComplete the following syntheses by filling in the missing structures or reagents! Thank you!arrow_forwardFollowing is the structure of miconazole, the active antifungal agent in a number of over-the-counter preparations, including Monistat, that are used to treat vaginal yeast infections. One of the compounds needed for the synthesis of miconazole is the trichloro derivative of toluene shown on its right. (a) Show how this derivative can be synthesized from toluene. (b) How many stereoisomers are possible for miconazole?arrow_forward
- Fill in the missing reagent/product(s) for the following reactions.arrow_forwardProvide the reagents for the following transformation. Do allarrow_forwardPart 2 - Syntheses (64 points in total) Propose a plausible synthesis for each of the following transformations. Write all steps with required reagents and intermediates. As a product, one of the enantiomers is shown only.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning