Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, can be formed from the reaction of NO and Br2:
NO(g) + ½ Br2(g) NOBr K1 = 1.41
Nitrosyl bromide also readily decomposes to give N2, O2, and Br2:
2 NOBr(g) N2(g) + O2(g) + Br2(g) K2 = 1.05 x1030
Use these reactions to calculate Kc for the decomposition of nitric oxide, NO, into N2 and O2:
2NO(g) N2(g) + O2(g)
A catalytic converter in an automobile uses a palladium or platinum catalyst (a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction) to convert carbon monoxide gas to carbon dioxide according to the reaction:2 CO( g) + O2( g)------------> 2 CO2( g)A chemist researching the effectiveness of a new catalyst combines a 2.0:1.0 mole ratio mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen gas (respectively) over the catalyst in a 2.45-L flask at a total pressure of 745 torr and a temperature of 552 °C. When the reaction is complete, the pressure in the flask has dropped to 552 torr. What percentage of the carbon monoxide was converted to carbon dioxide?
Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), Na(HCO3), pKb = 8, is kept in almost all chemistry labs as a safety chemical for cleaning up spills of strong acids or strong bases. Briefly describe how it can react with and partially neutralize both strong acids and strong bases. Na2(CO3) has a pKb = 4, while H2CO3 ahs a pKa = 6
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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- Consider the two space shuttle fuel reactions in Exercises 81 and 82. Which reaction produces more energy per kilogram of reactant mixture (stoichiometric amounts)? 81. The reusable booster rockets of the space shuttle use a mixture of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate as fuel. A possible reaction is 3Al(s)+3NH4ClO4(s)Al2O3(s)+AlCl3(s)+3NO(g)+6H2O(g) Calculate H for this reaction 82. The space shuttle Orbiter utilizes the oxidation of methylhydrazine by dinitrogen tetroxide for propulsion: 4N2H3CH3(l)+5N2O4(l)12H2O(g)+9N2(g)+4CO2(g) Calculate H for this reactionarrow_forwardJoseph Priestly prepared oxygen in 1774 by heating red mercury(II) oxide with sunlight focused through a lens. How much heat is required to decompose exactly 1 mole of red HgO(s) to Hg(l) and O2(g) under standard conditions?arrow_forwardThe reusable booster rockets of the space shuttle use a mixture of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate as fuel. A possible reaction is 3Al(s)+3NH4ClO4(s)Al2O3(s)+AlCl3(s)+3NO(g)+6H2O(g) Calculate H for this reactionarrow_forward
- 4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forwardPentaerythritol tetranitrate (abbreviated PETN, chemical formula C5H8N4O12) is an explosive material with a structure that is very similar to nitroglycerin. It is one of the components of plastic explosives such as Semtex. The explosion of PETN can be represented by: C5H8N4O12(s)→2CO(g)+4H2O(g)+3CO2(g)+2N2(g) A plastic explosive charge is formed into a cylinder about 30 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter. It weighs about 276 grams and is 58.5% PETN by mass. What is the total number of moles of gas produced when this plastic explosive charge explodes?arrow_forwardSulfur trioxide gas combines with water to form a single product. SO3 + H2O → ? Based on the law of conservation of mass, which option is the product of the reaction? H2SO3 H2SO4 H2S2O4 HSO4arrow_forward
- Consider the following reaction: 2H2 + O2--> 2H2O Hrxn= -483.6 kj/mol a. is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Describe what is happening to the energy during this reaction. b. Calculate H if 3.50 g of hydrogen gas are reacted in an abundance of oxygen.arrow_forwardAfter determining the composition of a mixture of KClO3 and KCl, it is found that the calculated amount of KCl is incorrectly high. The most likely cause of the this is that A) KCl also decomposed during the reaction. B) some of the sample powder was spilled after weighing. C) a small amount of KClO3 did not decompose, resulting in a smaller mass loss than should have occurred. D) KClO3 also released Cl2 gas during the reaction.arrow_forwardHow much energy is required when 1.40 mol sulfur reacts with an excess of carbon? C(s) + 2 S(s) → CS2(l) ΔH = 89.3 kJarrow_forward
- Part I. Complete the following chemical reactions. Do not forget to balance the reaction, the states of matter and answer any questions that are asked. In the next reaction, a gas is formed. (19 points). HCl (aq) + Mg (s) → Gas that was released: Mg (s) + O2 (g) → Cu2S (s) + O2 (g) → Gas that was released:arrow_forwardThe following reaction proceeds at a rate such that 4 mole of AA is consumed per minute. Given this, how many moles of CC are produced per minute? 2A+2B→4Carrow_forwardfor the chemical equations Na2SO4 + CrCl6 --> NaCl + Cr(SO4)3 how did a Cr(SO4)3 form?arrow_forward
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