Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Using the Bernoulli’s equation, the ethanol discharge velocity and flow rate in L/min should be estimated.
Concept introduction:
Suppose liquid surface in the tank is at point 1 and discharged point is at point 2.
Now, apply Bernoulli equation at point 1 and 2
Where
P1 & P2 are pressure at section 1 and 2.
V1 & V2 are velocity at section 1 and 2.
z1 & z2 are the elevation from the horizontal at section 1 and 2.
hf is the frictional losses
(b)
Interpretation:
When the discharge is partially closed, the flow rate decreases, which means that
Concept introduction:
Following assumptions are made in the derivation of Bernoulli’s equation:
- The liquid is ideal and incompressible.
- The flow is at steady state and continuous.
- The flow is along the streamline.
- The velocity is uniform over the section and is equal to the mean velocity.
- The only force acting on the fluid are gravity forces and the pressure forces.
Now apply Bernoulli equation at point 1 and 2.
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