Concept explainers
The results of the fluctuation test (Fig. 7.5) were interpreted to mean that different numbers of mutant bacteria preexisted in each of the 11 culture tubes because the mutations arose spontaneously at different times during the growth of each culture. However, another possibility is that the differences in the number of colonies on the plates are simply due to differences in the ability of the petri plates to support the growth of colonies. For example, perhaps the selective agent or the nutrients in the media were not evenly distributed in the molten agar poured into the petri dishes. What experiment could you do to determine whether or not differences in the petri plates were a factor in the experiment?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
- List the major steps that would be required to clone the human insulin gene into a plasmid and to identify bacterial colonies that contain the plasmid with the insulin gene inserted. Be sure to include a suggestion for how to select colonies with a plasmid and how to distinguish plasmids with and without the insulin gene insertedarrow_forwardTrue or false White colonies in apicillin-agar plates using plasmids with lacZ gene as vector indicated both successful transformation and insertionarrow_forward1 2. 3. Two different cultures of Escherichia coli bacteria were inoculated onto nutrient agar plates. One culture was transformed with pGLO plasmid and the other culture was not. All of the plates shown above are illuminated with ultraviolet light. • Which plate was inoculated with E.coli+PGLO bacteria and included ampicillin antibiotic but did not include arabinose? • Which plate was inoculated with E.coli+pGLO bacteria and included both ampicillin antibiotic and arabinose. • What would you expect to observe on a plate that included ampicillin and was inoculated with E. coli minus (without) PGLO plasmid?arrow_forward
- A pure culture of an unknown bacterium was streaked onto plates of a variety of media. You notice that the colony morphologyis strikingly different on plates of minimal media with glucose compared to that seen on trypticase soy agar plates. How can you explain these differences in colony morphology? Also, describe what happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into the gene encoding transposase within a transposon and why is it more likely that insertions or deletions will be more detrimental to a cell than point mutations?arrow_forwardThe modifiedplasmid is reintroduced back into Rhizobium(step 4) and the genetically transformed bacteria are then selected based on the amp and lacZgenes present within the plasmid. The plasmid may or may not integrate the BBW resistancegene. The treated bacteria may or may not take up the modified plasmid. a) Complete the table below with a yes or no in each space stating whether you would expect these bacteria to grow or not. Type of treated bacteria culture plate(no amp) Culture plate treated with ampicillin Plasmid not taken up Plasmid taken up (WithoutBBW resistancegene) Plasmid taken up (WithBBW resistancegene) B) Outline how the genetically transformed bacteria containing the BBW resistance gene can beselected based on the amp and lacZgenes present within the plasmid.arrow_forwardyou have transformed E.coli cells with a plasmid containing the gene for the enzyme beta-lactamase you have used 3µl of a stock solution of 2.5ng/µl DNA. You transformed 150/µl of competent cells, using the calcium chloride method. you have added 600µl of luria broth to the cells and then plated out 200µl on triplicate plates. upon counting the colonies, you got the following results: plate 1: 120 cfu plate 2: 35 cfu plate 3: 95 cfu please answer the following question: 1. what new characteristic will the cells have ater transformation? 2. how are you going to test for the new characteristic? 3. calculate the transformation efficiency of the experiment?arrow_forward
- Hi, I am working on qPCR quantification for specific bacteria. However, when the CT value achieve greater than 30, it always shown high CT value differences in my duplication no matter I repeat the same set of experiment for those samples with low quality. My question is, what makes this happening? The other question is, how many CT value differences is acceptable for duplication?arrow_forwardA phagehunter performs a spot titer using standard techniques (3 ul of each dilution spotted to lawn) of a lysate obtained from an optimum webbed plate experiment. The phagehunter counts 8 plaques on the 10-7 dilution spot. Which of the following scenarios is the best choice for the phagehunter to do next? a.) The phagehunter has not achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments, so they should go back to the pick-a-plaque experiment. b.) The phagehunter has not achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments, so they should adopt a phage from direct isolation. c.) The phagehunter has not achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments, so they should try to make more optimum webbed plates. d.) The phagehunter has achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments.arrow_forwardA plaque assay is performed beginning with 1 mL of a solution containing bacteriophages. This solution is serially diluted three times by combining 0.1 mL of each sequential dilution with 9.9 mL of liquid medium. Then 0.1 mL of the final dilution is plated in the plaque assay and yields 17 plaques. What is the initial density of bacteriophages in the original 1 mL?arrow_forward
- A phagehunter performs a spot titer using standard techniques (3 ul of each dilution spotted to lawn) of a lysate obtained from an optimum webbed plate experiment. The phagehunter counts 4 plaques on the 10-8 dilution spot. Which of the following scenarios is the best choice for the phagehunter to do next? a.) The phagehunter has not achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments, so they should try to make more optimum webbed plates. b.) The phagehunter has not achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments, so they should adopt a phage from direct isolation. c.) The phagehunter has achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments. d.) The phagehunter has not achieved a high enough titer lysate to move forward with characterization experiments, so they should go back to the pick-a-plaque experiment.arrow_forwardA patient comes in with an infection and lab analysis show that the infectious agent is Staphylococcus aureus. Doctor prescribed an antibiotic and told the patient that the infection should clear in 10 days. After 10 days patient comes in with the situation is worsening. Doctor is suspicious of a resistant strain and wants to start another culture to identify the stain and the mutation causing the resistance. What type of media you would use to grow the bacteria sampled from the patient?arrow_forwardIn the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media? Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d e All RNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All Protein was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All DNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All RNA was degraded and no Transformation occurred indicating RNA is the molecule of Transformation inheritance None of the above are truearrow_forward
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