Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134060491
Author: Paul G. Hewitt, John A. Suchocki, Leslie A. Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 8RAT
When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the molecules left behind in the water
- (a) are less energetic.
- (b) have decreased average speeds.
- (c) result in lowered temperature.
- (d) all of these
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A 68 kg cyclist is pedaling down the road at 15 km/h, using a total metabolic power of 480 W. A certain fraction of this energy is used to move the bicycle forward, but the balance ends up as thermal energy in his body, which he must get rid of to keep cool. On a very warm day, conduction, convection, and radiation transfer little energy, and so he does this by perspiring, with the evaporation of water taking away the excess thermal energy.
To keep from overheating, the cyclist must get rid of the excess thermal energy generated in his body. If he cycles at this rate for 2 hours, how many liters of water must he perspire, to the nearest 0.1 liter?A. 0.4 L B. 0.9 L C. 1.1 L D. 1.4 L
In 1883, the volcano on Krakatau Island in the Pacific erupted violently in the largest explosion in Earth’s recorded history, destroying much of the island in the process. Global temperature measurements indicate that this explosion reduced the average temperature of Earth by about 1 degree Celsius during the next two decades. Why?
Note: The answer to this question is somehow be connected to the law of conservation of energy. As much as possible, connect the answer to it.
A 68 kg cyclist is pedaling down the road at 15 km/h, using a total metabolic power of 480 W. A certain fraction of this energy is used to move the bicycle forward, but the balance ends up as thermal energy in his body, which he must get rid of to keep cool. On a very warm day, conduction, convection, and radiation transfer little energy, and so he does this by perspiring, with the evaporation of water taking away the excess thermal energy.
As he cycles at a constant speed on level ground, at what rate is chemical energy being converted to thermal energy in his body, assuming a typical efficiency of 25% for the conversion of chemical energy to the mechanical energy of motion?A. 480 W B. 360 W C. 240 W D. 120 W
Chapter 7 Solutions
Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 7 - What is the role of loose electrons in heat...Ch. 7 - What is the explanation for a barefoot firewalker...Ch. 7 - Does a good insulator prevent heat from getting...Ch. 7 - By what means is heat transferred by convection?Ch. 7 - What happens to the temperature of air when it...Ch. 7 - Why is Millies hand not burned when she holds it...Ch. 7 - Why does the direction of coastal winds change...Ch. 7 - How is the peak frequency of radiant energy...Ch. 7 - What is terrestrial radiation? How does it differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10RCQ
Ch. 7 - Why does the pupil of the eve appear black?Ch. 7 - Does a red-hot poker radiate more when it is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 7 - Does Newtons law of cooling apply to warming as...Ch. 7 - What would be the consequence to Earths climate if...Ch. 7 - What is meant by the expression You can never...Ch. 7 - What are the four common phases of matter?Ch. 7 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 7 - What is evaporation, and why is it a cooling...Ch. 7 - What is sublimation?Ch. 7 - What is condensation, how does it differ from...Ch. 7 - Prob. 22RCQCh. 7 - Distinguish between evaporation and boiling.Ch. 7 - Why does water not boil at 100C when it is under...Ch. 7 - Is it the boiling of the water or the higher...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RCQCh. 7 - Why does decreasing the temperature of a liquid...Ch. 7 - Why doesnt water freeze at 0C when it contains...Ch. 7 - Does a liquid give off energy or absorb energy...Ch. 7 - Does a gas give off energy or absorb energy when...Ch. 7 - Show that 5000 cal of heat is needed to increase...Ch. 7 - Prob. 41PACCh. 7 - Show that 4000 cal of heat is needed to melt 50 g...Ch. 7 - Prob. 43PACCh. 7 - Show that 27,000 cal is needed to turn 50 g of...Ch. 7 - Calculate the quantity of heat needed to turn 200...Ch. 7 - Show that a total of 36,000 calories is needed to...Ch. 7 - Show that 9300 cal of heat a needed to change 15 g...Ch. 7 - Show that 100 g of 100C steam will completely melt...Ch. 7 - A small block of ice at 0C is subjected to 10 g of...Ch. 7 - The specific heat capacity of ice is about 0.5...Ch. 7 - A 10-kg iron ball is dropped onto a pavement from...Ch. 7 - A black of ice at 0C is dropped and completely...Ch. 7 - Fifty grams of hot water at 80C is poured into a...Ch. 7 - A 100-g chunk of 80C iron is dropped into a cavity...Ch. 7 - The heat of vaporization of ethyl alcohol Lv it...Ch. 7 - From greatest to lowest, rank these materials for...Ch. 7 - From greatest to least, rank the frequency of...Ch. 7 - Rank the boiling-water temperature at the...Ch. 7 - From greatest to least, rank the energy needed for...Ch. 7 - Between the act of standing barefoot on top of an...Ch. 7 - Which will cool your finger faster, touching a...Ch. 7 - Wood is a better insulator than glass. Yet...Ch. 7 - Visit a snow-covered cemetery and note that the...Ch. 7 - Wood has a very low conductivity. Does it still...Ch. 7 - What is the purpose of the copper or aluminum...Ch. 7 - Many tongues have been injured by licking a piece...Ch. 7 - Prob. 67ECh. 7 - When air is rapidly compressed, why does its...Ch. 7 - When you blow air onto your hand from your...Ch. 7 - Snowmaking machines used at ski areas blow a...Ch. 7 - From a position near an incandescent lamp, turn it...Ch. 7 - The source of the heat of volcanoes and natural...Ch. 7 - Prob. 73ECh. 7 - If everything radiates, why doesnt every tiling...Ch. 7 - What is the name given to radiant energy emitted...Ch. 7 - Prob. 76ECh. 7 - You enter a crowded and chilly classroom early in...Ch. 7 - In terms of physics, why do restaurants serve...Ch. 7 - Why isnt it important to convert temperatures to...Ch. 7 - Which decreases in temperature more rapidly, a...Ch. 7 - Which will warm by 15C quicker in a 100C oven: a...Ch. 7 - Why is a water-based white solution (whitewash)...Ch. 7 - If the composition of the atmosphere were charged...Ch. 7 - Consider the solar energy that enters a florists...Ch. 7 - What does the planet Venus have to do with Earths...Ch. 7 - Alcohol evaporates more rapidly than water at the...Ch. 7 - You can determine wind direction by wetting your...Ch. 7 - Why does a dog pant when it is hot?Ch. 7 - Give two reasons why pouring a cup of hot coffee...Ch. 7 - Porous canvas bags filled with water are used by...Ch. 7 - Why does wrapping a bottled beverage in a wet...Ch. 7 - A friend says that the reason why you feel...Ch. 7 - Prob. 93ECh. 7 - Double-pane windows have nitrogen gas or very dry...Ch. 7 - Boiling can be brought about by increasing the...Ch. 7 - Why does the boiling temperature of water decrease...Ch. 7 - Room-temperature water boils spontaneously in a...Ch. 7 - Your inventor friend proposes a design for...Ch. 7 - When boiling spaghetti, is your cooking time...Ch. 7 - Why does putting a lid over a pot of water on a...Ch. 7 - In the power plant of a nuclear submarine, the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between melting and freezing in terms...Ch. 7 - How do the temperature at which a particular metal...Ch. 7 - Discuss why half-frozen fruit punch is always...Ch. 7 - What role does antifreeze play in preventing the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 106ECh. 7 - When can you withdraw heal from a substance...Ch. 7 - What dots an air conditioner have in common with a...Ch. 7 - Air-conditioning units contain no water...Ch. 7 - Prob. 110ECh. 7 - Prob. 111ECh. 7 - Wrap part of a fur coat around a thermometer....Ch. 7 - What is the principal reason why a feather quilt...Ch. 7 - Friends in your discussion group say that when you...Ch. 7 - If all the molecules in a liquid had the same...Ch. 7 - What is the source of energy that keeps the...Ch. 7 - How do the average kinetic energies of hydrogen...Ch. 7 - In a mixture of U-238 and U-233 isotopes, which...Ch. 7 - A number of objects at different temperatures...Ch. 7 - Why can you drink a cup of boiling-hot tea atop a...Ch. 7 - Hydrothermal vents are openings in the ocean floor...Ch. 7 - Suppose that at a restaurant, you are served...Ch. 7 - If you wish to save fuel and youre going to leave...Ch. 7 - If you wish to save fuel and you're going to leave...Ch. 7 - Place a jar of water on a small stand on the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 126DQCh. 7 - Prob. 127DQCh. 7 - Why does placing a tub of water in a farmers...Ch. 7 - Why does spraying fruit trees with water before a...Ch. 7 - The snow-covered mailboxes raise a question: What...Ch. 7 - A firewalker walking barefoot across hot wooden...Ch. 7 - Thermal convection is linked most closely to (a)...Ch. 7 - When air is rapidly compressed, its temperature...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4RATCh. 7 - Planet Earth loses heat mainly by (a) conduction....Ch. 7 - Compared with terrestrial radiation, the radiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RATCh. 7 - When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the...Ch. 7 - When steam changes phase to water, it (a) absorbs...Ch. 7 - Boiling and freezing can occur at the same time...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
33. The first formant of your vocal system can be modeled as the resonance of an open-closed tube, the closed e...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
Check Your Understanding The quantities below represent four different transitions between same initial and fin...
University Physics Volume 2
Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning. Which detection method or methods meas...
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
Your friend can barely lift a 35-kg concrete block on Earth. How massive a block could she lift on the Moon?
Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
Give the metric prefix fir each value:
1. 1000
Applied Physics (11th Edition)
17. A speed skater moving to the left across frictionless ice at 8.0 m/s hits a 5.0-m-wide patch of rough ice....
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A resting adult of average size converts chemical energy in food into internal energy at the rate 120 W, called her basal metabolic rate. To stay at constant temperature, the body must put out energy at the same rate. Several processes exhaust energy from your body. Usually, the most important is thermal conduction into the air in contact with your exposed skin. If you are not wearing a hat, a convection current of warm air rises vertically from your head like a plume from a smokestack. Your body also loses energy by electromagnetic radiation, by your exhaling warm air, and by evaporation of perspiration. In this problem, consider still another pathway for energy loss: moisture in exhaled breath. Suppose you breathe out 22.0 breaths per minute, each with a volume of 0.600 L. Assume that you inhale dry air and exhale air at 37C containing water vapor with a vapor pressure of 3.20 kPa. The vapor came from evaporation of liquid water in your body. Model the water vapor as an ideal gas. Assume that its latent heat of evaporation at 37C is the same as its heat of vaporization at 100C. Calculate the rate at which you lose energy by exhaling humid air.arrow_forwardIn a chemical processing plant, a reaction chamber of fixed volume V0 is connected to a reservoir chamber of fixed volume 4V0 by a passage containing a thermally insulating porous plug. The plug permits the chambers to be at different temperatures. The plug allows gas to pass from either chamber to the other, ensuring that the pressure is the same in both. At one point in the processing, both chambers contain gas at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 27.0C. Intake and exhaust valves to the pair of chambers are closed. The reservoir is maintained at 27.0C while the reaction chamber is heated to 400C. What is the pressure in both chambers after that is done?arrow_forwardIf you place 0 ice into 0 water in an insulated container, what will the net result be? Will there be less ice and more liquid water, or more ice and less liquid water, or will the amounts stay the same?arrow_forward
- An aluminum rod 0.500 m in length and with a cross-sectional area of 2.50 cm2 is inserted into a thermally insulated vessel containing liquid helium at 4.20 K. The rod is initially at 300 K. (a) If one-half of the rod is inserted into the helium, how many liters of helium boil off by the time the inserted half cools to 4.20 K? Assume the upper half does not yet cool. (b) If the circular surface of the upper end of the rod is maintained at 300 K, what is the approximate boil-off rate of liquid helium in liters per second after the lower half has reached 4.20 K? (Aluminum has thermal conductivity of 3 100 W/m K at 4.20 K; ignore its temperature variation. The density of liquid helium is 125 kg/m3.)arrow_forwardA 68 kg cyclist is pedaling down the road at 15 km/h, using a total metabolic power of 480 W. A certain fraction of this energy is used to move the bicycle forward, but the balance ends up as thermal energy in his body, which he must get rid of to keep cool. On a very warm day, conduction, convection, and radiation transfer little energy, and so he does this by perspiring, with the evaporation of water taking away the excess thermal energy. If the cyclist reaches his 15 km/h cruising speed by rolling down a hill, what is the approximate height of the hill?A. 22 m B. 11 m C. 2 m D. 1 marrow_forwardWhen energy shortages occur, magazine articles sometimes urge us to keep our homes at a constant temperature day and night to conserve fuel. They argue that when we turn down the heat at night, the walls, ceilings, and other areas cool off and must be reheated in the morning. So if we keep the temperature constant, these parts of the house will not cool off and will not have to be reheated. Does this argument make sense? Would we really save energy by following this advice?arrow_forward
- If you launch a projectile upward with a high enough speed, its kinetic energy is sufficient to allow it to escape the earth’s gravity— it will go up and not come back down. Given enough time, hydrogen and helium gas atoms in the earth’s atmosphere will escape, so these elements are not present in our atmosphere. Explain why hydrogen and helium atoms have the necessary speed to escape but why other elements, such as oxygen and nitrogen, do not.arrow_forwardIn warm regions where tropical plants grow but the temperature may drop below freezing a few times in the winter, the destruction of sensitive plants due to freezing can be reduced by watering them in the evening. Explainarrow_forwardWhy do fishermen sail out to the sea in the night? What process helps them to sail easily to the sea in the night and come back to the shore in the morning? think about processes like conduction, convection and radiationarrow_forward
- Occasionally, huge icebergs are found floating on the ocean's currents. Suppose one such iceberg has a regular volume and is 120 km long, 35 km wide, and 230 m thick. (1) How much heat would be required to melt this iceberg (assumed to be at 0°C) into liquid water at 0°C? (The density of ice is 917 kg/m³. The latent heat of fusion for ice is 33.5x104 J/kg.) (ii) Assume the average annual energy consumption by a developed country in the past years was 9.3 x1o19 J. If this energy were delivered to the iceberg every year, how many years would it take before the ice is completely melted?arrow_forwardThe rate at which a resting person converts food energy is called one’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Assume that the resulting internal energy leaves a person’s body by radiation and convection of dry air. When you jog, most of the food energy you burn above your BMR becomes internalenergy that would raise your body temperature if it were not eliminated. Assume that evaporation of perspiration is the mechanism for eliminating this energy. Suppose a person is jogging for “maximum fat burning,” converting food energy at the rate 400 kcal/h above his BMR, and putting out energy by work at the rate 60.0 W. Assume that the heat of evaporation of water at body temperature is equal to its heat of vaporization at 100°C. (a) Determine the hourly rate at which water must evaporate from his skin. (b) When you metabolize fat, the hydrogen atoms in the fat molecule are transferred to oxygen to form water. Assume that metabolism of 1.00 g of fat generates 9.00 kcal of energy and produces 1.00 g of…arrow_forwardA pronghorn antelope can run at a remarkable 18 m/sm/s for up to 10 minutes, almost triple the speed that an elite human runner can maintain. For a 32 kgkg pronghorn, this requires an astonishing 3.4 kWkW of metabolic power, which leads to a significant increase in body temperature. If the pronghorn had no way to exhaust heat to the environment, by how much would its body temperature increase during this run? (In fact, it will lose some heat, so the rise won't be this dramatic, but it will be quite noticeable, requiring adaptations that keep the pronghorn's brain cooler than its body in such circumstances.) Assume the efficiency of the pronghorn to be equal to that of human.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY