EBK PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS
12th Edition
ISBN: 8220101472298
Author: Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 1.3P
To determine
Barriers preventing household and society from attaining satisfactory outcomes.
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Most Australians are found to be frugal during the coronavirus pandemic and have started saving more. Explain how an increase in household saving affects the equilibrium interest rate and the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds.
This question addresses the impact of saving on an economy by examining what happens if tax laws change to induce saving and how changes in tax laws can discourage saving.
The following graph shows the market for loanable funds.
Show the impact of a change in the tax law that successfully encourages saving by shifting either the demand curve (D), the supply curve (S), or both.
A tax law change that successfully encourages saving will (increase/decrease) interest rates, which leads to (less/more) investment and economic growth.
To better understand how changes in tax laws can affect saving, suppose that Madison, a rising third-year in college, plans to save $550 from her summer job in order to buy textbooks for the upcoming fall semester. Madison's parents are so impressed with her plans that they offer to pay her an additional 30% interest per month on the money she saves, which means that Madison is now earning a large rate of return on her saving. By the end of the…
The following graph shows the market for loanable funds. For each of the given scenarios, adjust the appropriate curve on the graph to help you complete the questions that follow. Treat each scenario separately by resetting the graph to its original state before examining the effect of each individual scenario.
(graph in image)
Scenario 1: Suppose savers either buy bonds or make deposits in savings accounts at banks. Initially, the interest income earned on bonds or deposits is taxed at a rate of 20%. Now suppose there is an increase in the tax rate on interest income, from 20% to 25%.
Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change.
This change in the tax treatment of interest income from saving causes the equilibrium interest rate in the market for loanable funds to (a. fall, b. rise) and the level of investment spending to (a. increase, b. decrease).
Scenario 2: An investment tax credit effectively lowers the tax bill of any firm that purchases…
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- Agreement and disagreement among economists Suppose that Musashi, an economist from a business administration program in Georgia, and Rina, another economist from a nonprofit institution in the Midwest, are both guests on a popular science podcast. The host of the podcast is facilitating their debate over saving incentives. The following dialogue represents a portion of the transcript of their discussion: Rina: I think it's safe to say that, in general, the savings rate of households in today's economy is much lower than it really needs to be to sustain an improvement in living standards. Musashi: I think a switch from the income tax to a consumption tax would bring growth in living standards. Rina: You really think households would change their saving behavior enough in response to this to make a difference? Because I don't. The disagreement between these economists is most likely due to DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PERCEPTION VERSUS REALITY or DIFFERENCES IN SCIENTIFIC JUDGEMENTS…arrow_forwardConsider an economy described by the following equations: Y = C + I + G AND, Y = 5,000; G = 1,000; T = 1,000; C = 250 + 0.75(Y − T); I = 1,000 − 50 r. a. In this economy, compute private saving, public saving, national saving and the equilibrium interest rate. b. If G rises to 1,250, Compute private saving, public saving, and national saving and the new equilibrium interest rate.arrow_forwardSuppose the people in a certain economy decide to stop saving and instead use all their income for consumption. They do nothing to add to their stock of human or physical capital. Discuss the prospects for growth of such an economy.arrow_forward
- Please explain in three well-structured paragraphs the impact of a change in the savings rate on the output.arrow_forwardClassify each of the following scenarios listed in the table below using the macroeconomic definitions of saving and investment. Saving Investment Manuel buys a government bond. Poornima borrows money to build an addition to a lab owned by her engineering firm. Valerie purchases shares of stock in Warm Breeze, a cloud computing company. Shen takes out a loan and uses it to build a new cabin in Idaho.arrow_forwardBased on Abel, Bernanke and Croushore, 10th edition, Chapter 4, Numerical Problems No. 1. A consumer is making saving plans for this year and next. She knows her real income after taxes will be $50,000 in both years. Any part of her income saved this year will earn a real interest rate of 10% between this year and next year. Currently, the consumer has no wealth (no money in the bank or other financial assets, and no debts). There is no uncertainty about the future. a) Formally derive the consumer’s intertemporal budget constraint. b) Using the given numerical values rewrite and graph the budget line. c) Find the consumer’s PVLR. The consumer wants to save an amount this year that will allow her to (1) make college tuition payments next year equal to $16,800 in real terms; (2) enjoy exactly the same amount of consumption this year and next year, not counting tuition payments as part of next year’s consumption; and (3) have neither assets nor debts at the end of next year. d) In the…arrow_forward
- Graphically illustrate (draw) and explain the effect of a sustained increase in savings on the growth of output (Provide explanations)arrow_forwardClassify each of the following based on the macroeconomic definitions of saving and investment.arrow_forwardGraphically illustrate (draw) and explain the effect of a sustained increase in savings on the growth of outputarrow_forward
- Three students have each saved $1000. Each has an investment opportunity in which he or she can invest up to $2000. Here are the rates of return on the students’ investment projects: Harry 5 percent Ron 8 percent Hermione 20 percent If borrowing and lending are prohibited, so each student can use only personal saving to finance his or her own investment project, how much will each student have a year later when the project pays its return? Now suppose their school opens up a market for loanable funds in which students can borrow and lend among themselves at an interest rate r. What would determine whether a student would choose to be a borrower or lender in this market? Among these three students, what would be the quantity of loanable funds supplied and quantity demanded at an interest rate of 7 percent? At 10 percent? At what interest rate would the loanable funds market among these three students be in equilibrium? At this interest rate, which student(s)…arrow_forwardIn the graph you've just made, what happens if the real interest rate is 4 percent per year? A. The real interest rate rises to 8 percent per year, where there is a surplus of loanable funds. B. The real interest rate fluctuates between 4 and 8 percent per year. C. The real interest rate remains at 4 percent per year. D. There is a shortage of loanable funds and the real interest rate rises to 6 percent per year. Use screenshot attached below to answer the question thanks!arrow_forwardExplain the difference between saving and investment as defined by a macroeconomist. Which of the following situations represent investment and which represent saving? Explain.a. Your family takes out a mortgage and buys a new house.You use your $200 paycheck to buy stock in Africel.Your roommate earns $100 and deposits it in his account at a bank.You borrow $1,000 from a bank to buy a car to use in your pizza delivery business.The interest rate is 7 percent. Use the concept of present value to compare $200 to be received in 10 years and $300 to be received in 20 years.A company has an investment project that would cost $10 million today and yield a payoff of $15 million in 4 years.Should the firm undertake the project if the interest rate is 11 percent? 10 percent? 9 percent? 8 percent?Can you figure out the exact cutoff for the interest rate between profitability and nonprofitability?arrow_forward
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