CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-W/MASTR.BIO.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134875040
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 13TYU
FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER
Life is solar powered. Almost all the producers of the biosphere depend on energy from the sun to produce the organic molecules that supply the energy and carbon skeletons needed for life. In a short essay (100‒150 words), describe how the process of photosynthesis in the chloroplasts of plants transforms the energy of sunlight into the chemical energy of sugar molecules.
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Cells are open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surroundings. Which of the following best explains why plant cells require sunlight to make organic compounds, according to Gibbs’s theory of free energy?
The photosynthetic reaction releases free energy to the surroundings.
The photosynthetic reaction’s free energy is in equilibrium.
The reactants of photosynthesis have less free energy than the products.
The change in free energy (∆G) of the photosynthetic system is less than zero.
Photosynthesis Notes
Word Bank
(Some words can be used more than once!)
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
chloroplast
dark reaction
chemical
oxygen
autotroph
solar
ATP
light reaction
glucose
sunlight
water
sun
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: the process or cycle that occurs in plants that convert:
• the
's energy into
(sugar molecules)
energy into
energy
any organism that can make its own food from
by
photosynthesis.
- part of the plant cell where solar energy is captured and photosynthesis
occurs.
green pigments (a and b)
CO,
H,0
Sunlight
Glucose
(C,H,0,)
Two Steps of Photosynthesis:
- light energy helps to split water and the reactions that follow help to make
ATP and other energy-storing molecules.
(2
- ATP from the first step is broken down to release some energy and then used
to combine hydrogen and carbon dioxide to help produce glucose, a type of sugar.
Formula for Photosynthesis - Know this!!
Products
6 CO,
6 H, О
C, H,, O,
6 0,
energy
+
+
Sunlight
Photosynthesis Notes
Word Bank
(Some words can be used more than once!)
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
chloroplast
chemical
oxygen
autotroph
solar
ATP
light reaction
glucose
sunlight
water
dark reaction
uns
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: the process or cycle that occurs in plants that convert:
the
's energy into
(sugar molecules)
energy into
energy
any organism that can make its own food from
by
photosynthesis.
- part of the plant cell where solar energy is captured and photosynthesis
occurs.
green pigments (a and b)
CO,
Sunlight
Glucose
(CH0,)
Two Steps of Photosynthesis:
- light energy helps to split water and the reactions that follow help to make
ATP and other energy-storing molecules.
- ATP from the first step is broken down to release some energy and then used
to combine hydrogen and carbon dioxide to help produce glucose, a type of sugar.
Formula for Photosynthesis - Know this!!
?
Products
6 CO,
6 Н, О
C, H,, O,
6 O2
+
energy
Sunlight
Chapter 8 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-W/MASTR.BIO.
Ch. 8.1 - How do the CO2 molecules used in photosynthesis...Ch. 8.1 - How did the use of an oxygen isotope help...Ch. 8.1 - WHAT IF? The Calvin cycle requires ATP and NADPH,...Ch. 8.2 - What color of light is least effective in driving...Ch. 8.2 - In the light reactions, what is the initial...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How are the large numbers of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - WHAT IF? Explain why a poison that inhibits an...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 8 - The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following sequences correctly...Ch. 8 - How is photosynthesis similar in C4, plants and...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is a correct...Ch. 8 - Which of the following does not occur during the...Ch. 8 - In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - To synthesize one glucose molecule, the Calvin...Ch. 8 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Scientific...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT The following diagram represents an...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 8 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 8 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER Life is solar powered....Ch. 8 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Watermelon snow in...
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- The diagram shows the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in relation to each other. Sunlight energy CO, HO Cellular respiration ATP for work Photosynthesis CH,0 0, What can be concluded from the diagram? O Light energy is converted into chemical energy in photosynthesis. O Light energy is converted into chemical energy in cellular respiration. O Cellular respiration utilizes ATP to release energy in the form of heat. O Photosynthesis releases oxygen and ATP that are used in cellular respiration. Type here to search Lenovo 近 EATarrow_forwardPhotosynthesis Crossword 10 12 15 17arrow_forwardLight Reactions Dark Reactions Sugar Chloroplast Light ATP NADPH Calvin cycle NADP ADP Granum H,O co, Figure 7.3. Processes of photosynthesis. The light reactions directly require light energy from the sun. The "dark reactions" are driven by the high energy electrons produced by the light reactions. Some biologists refer to the two parts of photosynthesis as the light reactions and the synthesis reactions. Which part do you think that they call the light reactions?arrow_forward
- 700 600 Wavelength (nm) 500 Chlorophyll b is associated with the greatest rate of photosynthesis. The photosynthesis rate at 550 nm is the highest. Chlorophyll a absorbs wavelengths at both ends of the spectrum Carotenoids absorb the narrowest range of wavelengths of lightarrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle occurs outside the mitochondria. Group of answer choices True False From a plant's perspective, the main purpose of photosynthesis is to Group of answer choices to produce sugars and oxygen for heterotrophs. plants are not cognitive organisms and therefore we have no idea what the "purpose" of photosynthesis is for the plant. to produce enough O2 gas for the plant to survive through the night. make sugars, such as glucose, to use for building cell walls and for energy needed by the plant. The main purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis is Group of answer choices to take the high energy electrons out of glucose. to generate ATP and NADPH to send to the Calvin Cycle. to produce all the ATP the plant cell needs for its cellular work. to produce enough oxygen gas for humans to survive. The actual process of making sugar in photosynthesis occurs during the Calvin cycle. Group of answer choices True…arrow_forwardProcess of Photosynthesis What occurs as photosynthesis proceeds within a solution? Check all that apply. Check All That Apply Carbon dioxide is removed from the solution. The pH of the solution increases. Sugars are digested. The solution becomes more acidic. Oxygen levels decrease in the solution.arrow_forward
- rate of photosynthesis below. displayed in the Diagram 8: Temperature and Rate of Photosynthesis 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 temperature (°C) Select the passage below that is an example of how high temperatures greatly reduce the rate of photosynthesis. O Grass changes from green to brown in late fall/ early winter. O Grass becomes green when watered during the summer time. O Grass changes from green to brown in the middle of the summer. O Grass changes from brown to green in the spring time.arrow_forwardThe process of photosynthesis can be modeled in various ways. For example, a chemical equation is one way to represent photosynthesis. 6CO, + 6H,0 ++ +→ 60, + C,H,,O,arrow_forwardxygen Production Your experimental team has gathered data on the rate of a plant's photosynthesis, measured by oxygen production, as the light intensity was increased. The graph below was created from your gathered data. Note: Diagram 4 may also be helpful in answering the questions. Use the information in order to answer questions #28 -31. Diagram 7: Rate of Photosynthesis with increasing light intensity 200 - Pmax 150 - 100 - 50 50- -100 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Light Intensity (arbitrary units) Glossary: 1. Pmax: The maximum pressure of oxygen gas. 2. Arbitrary units: The use of this term mean the graph is not using specific units as labels. Light intensity could be measured in lumens and oxygen production could have been measured in mm of Hg Select the best explanation for the oxgen production leveling off as the light increases in intensity. More light reduces the activity of the chlorophyll by breaking the pigment down. More light prevents water from getting to the leaf cells…arrow_forward
- In photosynthesis, reaction? which of the following is NOT true about the light-dependent ("light”) Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production None of the other four answers (All are true of the light-dependent reaction) The light-dependent reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP The light-dependent reaction (non-cyclic) captures electrons in NADPH Glucose is synthesized from CO2 and water during the light-dependent reactionarrow_forwardCan someone help me understand this. A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube before placing the volumeters on the top of the tube. Why did she blow into the tube? to add oxygen to the tube to add carbon dioxide to the tube to add carbohydrates to the tube to add sodium bicarbonate to the tubearrow_forwardHow are the reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration interconnected? Animals rely on photosynthesis in plants, and plants rely on respiration as the source for Both reactions require ATP as the energy source, but photosynthesis only happens in plants. Every organism carries out both processes at the same time but in different parts of the organism. The reactions are opposites of one another, each using the products of the other as reactants.arrow_forward
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