Cardiopulmonary Anatomy & Physiology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337794909
Author: Des Jardins, Terry.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 8, Problem 1CAQ1
Summary Introduction
To review:
The result of the continuous loss of blood on the alveolar ventilation of the patient.
Introduction:
Ideally, the alveoli in the lungs need to receive an equal amount of ventilation and blood flow; however, this is not possible because the ventilation is about 4 L/min (liter per minute) and the capillary blood flow is 5 L/min. This ratio of ventilation to perfusion is referred to as ventilation–perfusion ratio (V/Q).
Please refer to Clinical Application Case-1 for further information.
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- Case 1 Because this patient's ribs were broken on the right side, his right chest (bulged outward _____; caved inward_____) during each inspiration.arrow_forwardCase 1 As a result of the severe left heart failure and increased pulmonary blood pressure in the case, fluid moved out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the extracapillary spaces. The pathologic process caused the thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane to______arrow_forwardCase 2 As the airway resistance increased in this case, the alveoli distal to the bronchial constriction required (shorter______; longer_______) time to inflate. These alveoli are said to have a (short______; long _________) time constant.arrow_forward
- Case 2 As fluid accumulated in the patients alveoli, the diffusion of oxygen into the pulmonary capillaries decreased. This was verified by the __________________________________.arrow_forwardCase 1 2. As a result of the previously described condition, the patient's right lung__________, which in turn caused an acute (decreased ______; increased_____) lung compliance condition.arrow_forwardCase 1 The pathophysiologic process that developed in this case was corrected with______. During each breath, the patient's chest wall (caved inward_____________; moved outward __________) and then returned to normal ___________at the end of each expiration.arrow_forward
- Case 2 The patient's fatigue and respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min further caused the ventilation- perfusion ratio to (______rise;________ fall).arrow_forwardCase 2 Because of the lung hyperinflation described in question 1, the patient was generating (small_________; large_____) pleural pressure changes with (little or no ________ moderate to large_________) volume changes.arrow_forwardCase 2 1. This patient demonstrated both obstructive and restrictive lung disorders. During the first part of the case, which pulmonary function studies verified that the patient had an obstructive pulmonary disorder? _______________________ ________________________arrow_forward
- Case 1 When the patient was in the emergency department what pulmonary function measurement served as an important clinical indicator of the severity of the patient's asthma attack?arrow_forwardCase 2 As a result of the hyperinflation, the patient's work of breathing increased because her lungs were inflated to the very top of their pressure- volume curve. As the pressure-volume curve illustrates, lung compliance is very (high __________; low_______) on the upper, flat portion of the pressure-volume curve.arrow_forwardCase 1 4. The negative trans mural pressure in this case was offset by (1) ______________________________________ and (2) _______ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________arrow_forward
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