Foundations of Astronomy, Enhanced
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781305980686
Author: Michael A. Seeds; Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 8, Problem 1DQ
To determine
Whether black shirt has a UPF of 50+.
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What is the rate of heat transfer by radiation from the skin
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A student is trying to decide what to wear.His bedroom is at 20°c.His skin Temperature is 35.0°c.The area of his exposed skin is 1.50 sq.mitres.People all over the world have skin that is dark in the infrared,with emessivity about 0.900.Find the net energy transfer from his body by radiation in 10.0 minutes.
A spherical interplanetary probe, with a diameter of 2 m, is sent out into the solar system. The probe surface is made of material having an emissivity of 0.9 and an absorptivity of 0.1. Signals from the sensors monitoring the probe surface temperatures are indicating an average value of −40°C for a space temperature of 0 K. If the electronics inside the probe is generating heat at a rate of 100 W/m3, determine the incident radiation rate on the probe surface.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy, Enhanced
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Prob. 2RQCh. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - What evidence can you give that granulation is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8RQCh. 8 - Prob. 9RQCh. 8 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - Prob. 12RQCh. 8 - Prob. 13RQCh. 8 - Prob. 14RQCh. 8 - Energy can be transported by convection,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Prob. 17RQCh. 8 - Prob. 18RQCh. 8 - Prob. 19RQCh. 8 - Meridional is derived from meridian. Look up the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RQCh. 8 - Prob. 22RQCh. 8 - How can solar flares affect Earth?Ch. 8 - Prob. 24RQCh. 8 - Why does nuclear fusion require high temperatures...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26RQCh. 8 - Four protons are combined in the proton-proton...Ch. 8 - Give an example of a charged subatomic particle...Ch. 8 - Prob. 29RQCh. 8 - Prob. 30RQCh. 8 - Prob. 31RQCh. 8 - Prob. 32RQCh. 8 - Prob. 33RQCh. 8 - Prob. 1DQCh. 8 - Prob. 2DQCh. 8 - Prob. 3DQCh. 8 - Prob. 4DQCh. 8 - Prob. 5DQCh. 8 - Prob. 6DQCh. 8 - Prob. 7DQCh. 8 - Prob. 8DQCh. 8 - Prob. 9DQCh. 8 - Prob. 10DQCh. 8 - The radius of the Sun is 0.7 million km. What...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2PCh. 8 - Prob. 3PCh. 8 - What is the angular diameter of a star the same...Ch. 8 - If a sunspot has a temperature of 4200 K and the...Ch. 8 - How many watts of radiation does a 1-meter-square...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7PCh. 8 - Prob. 8PCh. 8 - Prob. 9PCh. 8 - Prob. 10PCh. 8 - Prob. 11PCh. 8 - Prob. 12PCh. 8 - Prob. 13PCh. 8 - Prob. 14PCh. 8 - The United States consumes about 2.5 1019 J of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16PCh. 8 - Prob. 17PCh. 8 - Whenever there is a total solar eclipse, you can...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 8 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 8 - Prob. 4LTLCh. 8 - Prob. 5LTLCh. 8 - The two images here show two solar phenomena. What...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7LTL
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- The emissivity of the human skin is 97.0 percent. Use 35.0 °C for the skin temperature and approximate the human body by a rectangular block with a height of 1.61 m, a width of 37.5 cm and a length of 22.0 cm. Calculate the power emitted by the human body. What is the wavelength of the peak in the spectral distribution for this temperature? Fortunately our environment radiates too. The human body absorbs this radiation with an absorptance of 97.0 percent, so we don't lose our internal energy so quickly. How much power do we absorb when we are in a room where the temperature is 23.5 °C? How much energy does our body lose in one second?arrow_forwardConsider a circular grill whose diameter is 0.3 m. The bottom of the grill is covered with hot coal bricks at 950 K, while the wire mesh on top of the grill is covered with steaks initially at 5°C. The distance between the coal bricks and the steaks is 0.20 m. Treating both the steaks and the coal bricks as blackbodies, determine the initial rate of radiation heat transfer from the coal bricks to the steaks. Also, determine the initial rate of radiation heat transfer to the steaks if the side opening of the grill is covered by aluminum foil, which can be approximated as a reradiating surface.arrow_forwardOn a cloudy day, a sealed packet of potato chips is taken to the top of a mountain. The packet is found to be blown up like a balloon. This could be because The ultraviolet radiation has increased. The packet has a small hole that allowed air to leak in The air outside is now at a lower pressure than the air inside the packet. The air outside the packet is hotter than the air inside the packet.arrow_forward
- A person steps out of the shower and dries off. The person's skin with an emissivity of 0.70 has a total area of 1.2 m and a temperature of 33 °C. What is the net rate at which energy is lost to the room through radiation by the naked person if the room temperature is 24 °C?arrow_forwardIn solar water heater, energy from sun is gathered by water that circulates through the tubes in a rooftop collector. The sun heated water is pumped to a water container. Assume the efficiency of the system to be 20%. What collector area is needed to raise the temperature of 200 litre of water in a tank from 20∘C to 40∘C in 1.0 hours when the intensity of the sunlight is 700 W/m^2?arrow_forwardProxima Centauri, the nearest star to our sun, has a surface temperature of 3040 K. Find (a) the wavelength at which this star emits most strongly and (b) the power that this star radiates per unit surface area in a range of wavelengths 12.0 nm wide centered on the wavelength in part (a).arrow_forward
- Sirius B is a white star that has a surface temperature (in kelvins) that is four times that of our sun. Sirius B radiates only 0.040 times the power radiated by the sun. Our sun has a radius of 6.96 × 108 m. Assuming that Sirius B has the same emissivity as the sun, find the radius of Sirius B. RSB i m = 870000000arrow_forwardThermal emission from forehead. Noncontact thermom- eters are used to quickly measure the temperature of a person, to monitor for fever from an infection. They measure the power of the radiation from a surface, usually the forehead, in the infrared range, which is just outside the visible light range. Skin has an emissivity & = 0.97. What is the total power (infrared and vis- ible) of the radiation per unit area when the temperature is (a) 97.0°F (a common early morning temper- ature), (b) 99.0°F (a common late afternoon temperature), and (c) 103°F (a temperature indicating infection)? ww 36.8arrow_forwardThe emissivity of the human skin is 97.0 percent. Use 35.0 °C for the skin temperature and approximate the human body by a rectangular block with a height of 1.76 m, a width of 43.5 cm and a length of 22.0 cm. Calculate the power emitted by the human body. 2301 J units. No What is the wavelength of the peak in the spectral distribution for this temperature? Fortunately our environment radiates too. The human body absorbs this radiation with an absorbance of 97.0 percent, so we don't lose our internal energy so quickly. How much power do we absorb when we are in a room where the temperature is 23.0 °C? How much energy does our body lose in one second?arrow_forward
- A. The planet Venus is different from the earth in several respects: (a) it is only 70 % as far from the sun, so the solar constant is 2800 W/m²; (b) its thick clouds reflect 77% of all incident sunlight and (c) its atmosphere is much more opaque to infrared light. B. (i) Estimate what the average surface temperature of Venus would be if it had no atmosphere and did not reflect any sunlight. (ii) Taking into account the reflectivity of the clouds, estimate the surface temperature. Use the theory of Earth's energy balance to discuss the greenhouse effect.arrow_forwardThe next four questions use this description. Our Sun has a peak emission wavelength of about 500 nm and a radius of about 700,000 km. Your dark-adapted eye has a pupil diameter of about 7 mm and can detect light intensity down to about 1.5 x 10-11 W/m2. Assume the emissivity of the Sun is equal to 1. First, given these numbers, what is the surface temperature of the Sun in Kelvin to 3 significant digits? What is the power output of the Sun in moles of watts? (in other words, take the number of watts and divide it by Avogadro's number) Assuming that all of the Sun's power is given off as 500 nm photons*, how many photons are given off by the Sun every second? Report your answer to the nearest power of 10 (e.g. if you got 7 x 1024, give your answer as 25).arrow_forwardTwo parallel disks of diameter D = 0.6 m separated by L = 0.4 m are located directly on top of each other. Both disks are black and are maintained at a temperature of 450 K. The back sides of the disks are insulated, and the environment that the disks are in can be considered to be a blackbody at 300 K. Determine the net rate of radiation heat transfer from the disks to the environment.arrow_forward
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Heat Transfer: Crash Course Engineering #14; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YK7G6l_K6sA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY