The dependable variable in the graph. Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1IA

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The dependable variable in the graph.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The graph depicted shows the life expectancy between the two cell lines, the one with normal life expectancy and the other with the telomerase enzyme. The dependent variable in the graph shown is the telomerase enzyme that functions to add the TTAGGG sequence to the telomere, thereby rebuilding the telomere present on the chromosomes. Hence, the dependent variable in the graph is the telomerase enzyme.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between the normal cell line and the telomerase plus cell line with respect to the telomerase gene.

Introduction: There exists a direct relation between telomere shortening and cell senescence. The loss of telomere DNA restrains the ability of human cells to proliferate. The telomeres are present at the end of the chromosomes and contain repetitive DNA sequences. These sequences are shortened with time, and the length of the telomere reduces, which takes place with aging.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The normal cell lines contain the telomere that is a repetitive sequence present on one of the chromosomes. The telomere shortens with age by reducing the number of sequences and results in cell senescence and cell death. The telomerase plus cell lines have additional telomerase enzyme that adds TTAGGG sequence again and again to the telomere, thus preventing it from shortening. This results in an enhanced life expectancy of the telomerase plus cell lines when compared to the normal cell lines.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1IA

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The dependable variable in the graph.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The graph depicted shows the life expectancy between the two cell lines, the one with normal life expectancy and the other with the telomerase enzyme. The dependent variable in the graph shown is the telomerase enzyme that functions to add the TTAGGG sequence to the telomere, thereby rebuilding the telomere present on the chromosomes. Hence, the dependent variable in the graph is the telomerase enzyme.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between the normal cell line and the telomerase plus cell line with respect to the telomerase gene.

Introduction: There exists a direct relation between telomere shortening and cell senescence. The loss of telomere DNA restrains the ability of human cells to proliferate. The telomeres are present at the end of the chromosomes and contain repetitive DNA sequences. These sequences are shortened with time, and the length of the telomere reduces, which takes place with aging.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The normal cell lines contain the telomere that is a repetitive sequence present on one of the chromosomes. The telomere shortens with age by reducing the number of sequences and results in cell senescence and cell death. The telomerase plus cell lines have additional telomerase enzyme that adds TTAGGG sequence again and again to the telomere, thus preventing it from shortening. This results in an enhanced life expectancy of the telomerase plus cell lines when compared to the normal cell lines.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1IA

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The dependable variable in the graph.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The graph depicted shows the life expectancy between the two cell lines, the one with normal life expectancy and the other with the telomerase enzyme. The dependent variable in the graph shown is the telomerase enzyme that functions to add the TTAGGG sequence to the telomere, thereby rebuilding the telomere present on the chromosomes. Hence, the dependent variable in the graph is the telomerase enzyme.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between the normal cell line and the telomerase plus cell line with respect to the telomerase gene.

Introduction: There exists a direct relation between telomere shortening and cell senescence. The loss of telomere DNA restrains the ability of human cells to proliferate. The telomeres are present at the end of the chromosomes and contain repetitive DNA sequences. These sequences are shortened with time, and the length of the telomere reduces, which takes place with aging.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The normal cell lines contain the telomere that is a repetitive sequence present on one of the chromosomes. The telomere shortens with age by reducing the number of sequences and results in cell senescence and cell death. The telomerase plus cell lines have additional telomerase enzyme that adds TTAGGG sequence again and again to the telomere, thus preventing it from shortening. This results in an enhanced life expectancy of the telomerase plus cell lines when compared to the normal cell lines.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1IA

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The dependable variable in the graph.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The graph depicted shows the life expectancy between the two cell lines, the one with normal life expectancy and the other with the telomerase enzyme. The dependent variable in the graph shown is the telomerase enzyme that functions to add the TTAGGG sequence to the telomere, thereby rebuilding the telomere present on the chromosomes. Hence, the dependent variable in the graph is the telomerase enzyme.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between the normal cell line and the telomerase plus cell line with respect to the telomerase gene.

Introduction: There exists a direct relation between telomere shortening and cell senescence. The loss of telomere DNA restrains the ability of human cells to proliferate. The telomeres are present at the end of the chromosomes and contain repetitive DNA sequences. These sequences are shortened with time, and the length of the telomere reduces, which takes place with aging.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The normal cell lines contain the telomere that is a repetitive sequence present on one of the chromosomes. The telomere shortens with age by reducing the number of sequences and results in cell senescence and cell death. The telomerase plus cell lines have additional telomerase enzyme that adds TTAGGG sequence again and again to the telomere, thus preventing it from shortening. This results in an enhanced life expectancy of the telomerase plus cell lines when compared to the normal cell lines.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 1IA

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The dependable variable in the graph.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The graph depicted shows the life expectancy between the two cell lines, the one with normal life expectancy and the other with the telomerase enzyme. The dependent variable in the graph shown is the telomerase enzyme that functions to add the TTAGGG sequence to the telomere, thereby rebuilding the telomere present on the chromosomes. Hence, the dependent variable in the graph is the telomerase enzyme.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between the normal cell line and the telomerase plus cell line with respect to the telomerase gene.

Introduction: There exists a direct relation between telomere shortening and cell senescence. The loss of telomere DNA restrains the ability of human cells to proliferate. The telomeres are present at the end of the chromosomes and contain repetitive DNA sequences. These sequences are shortened with time, and the length of the telomere reduces, which takes place with aging.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The normal cell lines contain the telomere that is a repetitive sequence present on one of the chromosomes. The telomere shortens with age by reducing the number of sequences and results in cell senescence and cell death. The telomerase plus cell lines have additional telomerase enzyme that adds TTAGGG sequence again and again to the telomere, thus preventing it from shortening. This results in an enhanced life expectancy of the telomerase plus cell lines when compared to the normal cell lines.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 1IA

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The dependable variable in the graph.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The graph depicted shows the life expectancy between the two cell lines, the one with normal life expectancy and the other with the telomerase enzyme. The dependent variable in the graph shown is the telomerase enzyme that functions to add the TTAGGG sequence to the telomere, thereby rebuilding the telomere present on the chromosomes. Hence, the dependent variable in the graph is the telomerase enzyme.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 1IA

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The dependable variable in the graph.

Introduction: Cancer can be defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells that compete with the normal cells for nutrition, space, and eventually cause the death of normal cells. Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The spreading of cancer to other places in the body is called metastasis.

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The graph depicted shows the life expectancy between the two cell lines, the one with normal life expectancy and the other with the telomerase enzyme. The dependent variable in the graph shown is the telomerase enzyme that functions to add the TTAGGG sequence to the telomere, thereby rebuilding the telomere present on the chromosomes. Hence, the dependent variable in the graph is the telomerase enzyme.

Answer 9

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between the normal cell line and the telomerase plus cell line with respect to the telomerase gene.

Introduction: There exists a direct relation between telomere shortening and cell senescence. The loss of telomere DNA restrains the ability of human cells to proliferate. The telomeres are present at the end of the chromosomes and contain repetitive DNA sequences. These sequences are shortened with time, and the length of the telomere reduces, which takes place with aging.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The normal cell lines contain the telomere that is a repetitive sequence present on one of the chromosomes. The telomere shortens with age by reducing the number of sequences and results in cell senescence and cell death. The telomerase plus cell lines have additional telomerase enzyme that adds TTAGGG sequence again and again to the telomere, thus preventing it from shortening. This results in an enhanced life expectancy of the telomerase plus cell lines when compared to the normal cell lines.

Answer 13

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between the normal cell line and the telomerase plus cell line with respect to the telomerase gene.

Introduction: There exists a direct relation between telomere shortening and cell senescence. The loss of telomere DNA restrains the ability of human cells to proliferate. The telomeres are present at the end of the chromosomes and contain repetitive DNA sequences. These sequences are shortened with time, and the length of the telomere reduces, which takes place with aging.

Answer 14

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The normal cell lines contain the telomere that is a repetitive sequence present on one of the chromosomes. The telomere shortens with age by reducing the number of sequences and results in cell senescence and cell death. The telomerase plus cell lines have additional telomerase enzyme that adds TTAGGG sequence again and again to the telomere, thus preventing it from shortening. This results in an enhanced life expectancy of the telomerase plus cell lines when compared to the normal cell lines.