Chapter 8, Problem 22TYK

Summary Introduction

To evaluate: The approach to understand the cause and treatment of cancer patients specifically based on the data obtained after treating bladder cancer patients with or without TSC1 mutation against the drug everolimus.

Concept introduction: Cell that has a defect in the cell cycle results in over proliferation of cells, which causes cancer. Cancer cells are said to be metastasized when they spread beyond their de novo state. Cancers are treated in several ways: surgical removal, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Many breakthroughs in molecular biology have aided to create custom-made treatment for cancer patients to suit the specific type of cancer and thereby treat the cancer patients directly against the fundamental cause of the cancer. Everolimus is a drug used as an immunosuppressant and an anti-tumor drug. It inhibits the mTOR (protein kinase), so that severe cell proliferation is limited. TSC 1 (tuberous sclerosis 1) or Hamartin is a tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates the genes encoding mTOR.

Summary Introduction

To evaluate: The unusual results that requires another round of study.

Concept introduction: Many breakthroughs in molecular biology have aided to create custom-made treatment for cancer patients to suit the specific type of cancer and thereby treat the cancer patients directly against the fundamental cause of the cancer. Everolimus is a drug used as an immunosuppressant and an anti-tumor drug. It inhibits the mTOR (protein kinase), so that severe cell proliferation is limited. TSC 1 (tuberous sclerosis 1) or Hamartin is a tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates the genes encoding mTOR.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How further studies like this should be designed.

Concept introduction: Many breakthroughs in molecular biology have aided to create custom-made treatment for cancer patients to suit the specific type of cancer and thereby treat the cancer patients directly against the fundamental cause of the cancer. Custom-made or personalized cancer treatments are necessary to cut down the cost spent on the chemotherapy where drugs would have no effect. Also, directing the drug against the underlying cause of the cancer will yield better results and help to curb the cancer cell proliferation effectively.