GEN COMBO LOOSELEAF MICROBIOLOGY:A SYSTEMS APPROACH; CONNECT ACCESS CARD
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260149364
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 2CTQ
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason that the discovery of thermophilicarchaea and their associated DNA polymerase was critical to the successof PCR technology.
Introduction:
The polymerase chain reaction is a technique to amplify a piece of DNA rapidly outside a living cell. It uses the same mechanism for multiplication of the DNA as the cells use for
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Why is the DNA polymerase used in PCR derived from an extreme thermophile bacteria species rather than a mesophile bacteria species? (be sure to describe the mesophile DNA polymerase as well as the extreme thermophile DNA polymerase.)
DNA replication is critical to the growth of microbes. Describe the mechanism used by prokaryotes to replicate their DNA.
Some bacteria may have higher mutation rates than others following exposure to UV light. Discuss a reason why this might be the case. What experiments could you do to determine whether this is a likely possibility?
Chapter 8 Solutions
GEN COMBO LOOSELEAF MICROBIOLOGY:A SYSTEMS APPROACH; CONNECT ACCESS CARD
Ch. 8.1 - Describe the relationship among metabolism,...Ch. 8.1 - Fully discuss the structure and function of...Ch. 8.1 - Differentiate between an apoenzyme and a...Ch. 8.1 - Differentiate between an endoenzyme and an...Ch. 8.1 - Diagram the four major patterns of metabolism.Ch. 8.1 - Describe how enzymes are controlled.Ch. 8.2 - Name the chemical in which energy is stored in...Ch. 8.2 - Create a general diagram of a redox reaction.Ch. 8.2 - Identify electron carriers used by cells.Ch. 8.3 - List three basic catabolic pathways and the...
Ch. 8.3 - Construct a paragraph summarizing glycolysis.Ch. 8.3 - Describe the Krebs cycle and compare the process...Ch. 8.3 - Discuss the significance of the electron transport...Ch. 8.3 - State two ways in which anaerobic respiration...Ch. 8.3 - Summarize the steps of microbial fermentation and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 8.4 - Define amphibolism.Ch. 8.5 - Summarize the overall process of photosynthesis in...Ch. 8.5 - Discuss the relationship between light-dependent...Ch. 8.5 - Explain the role of the Calvin cycle in the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 8 - An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products....Ch. 8 - An apoenzyme is where the ____ is located. a....Ch. 8 - Many coenzymes are a. metals. b. vitamins. c....Ch. 8 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 8 - Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8 - A product or products of glycolysis is/are a. ATP....Ch. 8 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 8 - Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic...Ch. 8 - ATP synthase complexes can generate ______ ATP(s)...Ch. 8 - True-False Questions. If the statement is true,...Ch. 8 - An enzyme lowers the activation energy required...Ch. 8 - One cycle of fermentation yields more energy than...Ch. 8 - Energy in biological systems is primarily...Ch. 8 - Exoenzymes are produced outside the cell.Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 8 - Compare and contrast the processes of...Ch. 8 - Draw a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell side...Ch. 8 - Provide evidence in support of or refuting the...Ch. 8 - From chapter 4, figure 4.16. On the enlarged...Ch. 8 - Using the words that follow, please create a...
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- In a campus-wide screen for microbes, you find DNA from the bacterial species that causes the bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis. You take the sample back to the lab, and try to grow (very carefully), but can't culture the organism. Provide two possible explanations for why you can't grow this sample in the lab.arrow_forwardDNA replication is critical to the growth of microbes. describe themechanism used by prokaryotes to duplicate their DNAarrow_forwardDue to climate change, food security is highly compromised. Sequentially explain recombinant DNA techniques you would use to isolate and transfer a heat resistant gene from a bacteria to help maize plants thrive in areas with water scarcity.arrow_forward
- Mitichondrial DNA is a kind of DNA that is found in the cells of mitochondri Provide a succinct explanation.arrow_forwardFrederick Griffith documented bacterial transformation. Which statement is true concerning his experiments? DNA that was not contained within a live cell caused the death of the host organism. DNA from dead Streptococcus cells entered live cells and altered the live cell's characteristics. The two strains of Streptococcus were visually indistinguishable. Heat treatment of the Streptococcus strains destroyed the DNA molecules.arrow_forwardWhy is it important to use a hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase in PCR? a) Because only hyperthermophiles have DNA polymerases. b) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist the saline reaction conditions. c) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is faster than other polymerases. d) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist denaturation at 95℃.arrow_forward
- Explain how cells activate nucleic acids for polymerization. Explain why DNA is stable and why its structure dictates its replication mechanism. Explain why many RNA molecules exhibit tertiary structure, while most DNA molecules do not. Explain how DNA replication occurs from structural and enzymatic perspectives. Develop an understanding of nucleic acid biology outside a natural biological context (such as PCR, etc.)arrow_forwardAs a clinical microbiologist, your job is to identify an infectious bacterial strain isolated from a patient. Phenotypically, you have discovered that the new bacterial strain can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. By growing the strain in glucose carbohydrate tubes, you found that the organism is positive for glucose fermentation. After genome sequencing and biochemical analysis, you know that your organism is capable of making all of the enzymes necessary for glycolysis, and that it contains a TCA cycle and an electron transport chain.arrow_forwardLike eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea enclose their DNA in a nucleus.arrow_forward
- Compare the process of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to DNA replication. Discuss three modifications of the PCR process and which enzymes/molecules these modification replace in the usual DNA replication processarrow_forwardYou discovered that a species of bacteria can break down Styrofoam™ (polystyrene) products due to an enzyme it produces, polystyrenase. You wish to study the gene that codes for this enzyme. Task 1: DNA Extraction To begin work on the bacterium, you begin by extracting its genomic DNA (gDNA). What is the purpose of the following procedures? Answer briefly but completely. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate, a detergent Answer: __________________________________ Adding RNase A and Proteinase K during extraction Answer: __________________________________ Adding ethanol before recovering the DNA extract Answer: __________________________________ Task 2: Polymerase Chain Reaction After purifying the gDNA extract, you want to isolate and amplify the polystyrenase gene. You perform PCR using the appropriate gene-targeted primers. What is the purpose of the following PCR components? Answer briefly but completely. DNA…arrow_forwardChoose the one answer that fits best. Which of the following statements regarding bacteria is NOT correct? a. During conjugation, two bacteria exchange genetic information directly via pili b. Bacterial populations have a higher mutation rate because their DNA Polymerases do not have proofreading capability c. Bacterial growth by binary fission is exponential and each division usually takes only a couple of hour or less d. Plasmids carry just a few genes and are replicated independently from the bacterial chromosome e. Cocci that are arranged in clusters/bunches are called staphylococciarrow_forward
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