A Cold Solar Nebula. Roles: Scribe (take notes on the group’s activities), Proposer (proposes explanations to the group), Skeptic (points out weaknesses in proposed explanations), Moderator (leads group discussion and makes sure everyone contributes). Activity: In our solar system, the frost line was located between Mars and Jupiter, but study of other solar systems suggests that our solar system could have turned out differently. Consider a hypothetical scenario in which the solar nebula was not cleared away by the solar wind until the entire disk of gas had cooled to 50 K.
a. Make a list of ingredients that will condense at 50 K.
b. Make a list of ways in which the terrestrial planets might have turned out differently under this alternative formation scenario. c. Repeat part b for the jovian planets. D. Discuss the likelihood that your predicted changes would match the actual characteristics of this alternative solar system. E. Come up with additional “what if” scenarios, discussing various ways in which planets might have turned out differently.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
- How would the solar system be different if the solar nebula had cooled, with a temperature half its actual value? [select all that apply] options: There would be more comets. Life would have been very unlikely to evolve here. There would be no comets. There would be fewer asteroids. There would be more asteroids. Jovian planets would have formed closer to Sun. Terrestrial planets would be largearrow_forwardDescribe the Nebular Theory. Include A) what it is, B)what happened, and C) at least three lines of evidence to support it.arrow_forwardGiven what you've learned about the solar nebula idea, what do you believe the likelihood is of discovering livable planets in other solar systems? Learn more about this search by visiting NASA's Kepler mission and writing a half-page overview of the project.arrow_forward
- Given what you know about the solar nebula theory, how likely is it that additional solar systems will yield inhabited planets? Visit NASA's Kepler mission and write a half-page description of the project.arrow_forward1) How massive would Earth had been if it had accreted hydrogen compounds in addition to the sme properties listed in table 7.1? (Assume the same properties of the ingredients as listed in the table) 2) Now imagine that Earth had been able to capture hydrogen and helium gas in the same proportions as listed in the table. How massive would it have been?arrow_forwardDescribe the solar nebula, and outline the sequence of events within the nebula that gave rise to the planetesimals.arrow_forward
- What is a biomarker? Give some possible examples of biomarkers we might look for beyond the solar system.arrow_forwardWhat can we learn about the formation of our solar system by studying other stars? Explain.arrow_forwardHow many impacts would you expect to strike a 100m2 region in one hour during Earth’s formation, assuming that Earth grew to its present size in 10 million years from particles averaging 100 grams each? (Hint: Assume that Earth had its current radius of 6378km.) (Notes: The surface area of a sphere is 4pir2 ; 1yr=3.2x107 .) a. About 1300. b. About 13 . c. About 13,000. d. About 130arrow_forward
- Kepler-444 is one of many stars with terrestrial planets that is over 10 billion a) What do you think the spectral type of Kepler-444 might be? b) How do stars of this spectral type end their lives? c) If evolution followed a similar course on a habitable pranet around a star similar to Kepler-444, it would be 5 billion years more advanced than we are. Let’s try to project our future and see what happens. In particular, suppose our civilization gets motivated enough to colonize another planet. Kepler indicates that most stars have potentially habitable (and colonizable) planets, so roughly how far away is the typical “nearest" planet? d) The New Horizons probe on its way to Pluto took 9 years to travel 30 AU. If we could send colony ships with the same average speed, roughly how long would it take to reach the typical nearest planet? уears old.arrow_forwardAs the solar nebula cooled, which compounds were the first to condense from a gas to a solid? A) rocks B) ices C) metalsarrow_forwardUM neneasesent-dleiverystot/48749871287actionsonresume& ossionid=5088 Use the illustration to answer the question. Which stages involve the collision and clumping of matter in the nebula? Select all that apply. O stage 1 stage 2 O stage 3 stage 4arrow_forward
- Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage LearningAstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStax
- Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course ...PhysicsISBN:9781305960961Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
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