Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.103PAE
8.103 Cryolite
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Which substance do you expect to have the greatest lattice energy: MgF2, CaF2, or ZrO2? Why?
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KBr has a lattice energy -671 kJ/mol. Consider a hypothetical salt XY. X3+ has the same radius of K+ and Y3− has the same radius as Br−.
Estimate the lattice energy of XYXY.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1COCh. 8 - • describe the arrangement of atoms in the common...Ch. 8 - • use bind theory to describe bonding in solids.Ch. 8 - Prob. 4COCh. 8 - Prob. 5COCh. 8 - Prob. 6COCh. 8 - Prob. 7COCh. 8 - • explain the connection between intermolecular...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9COCh. 8 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1PAECh. 8 - Why is the C 60form of carbon called...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.4PAECh. 8 - What is the relationship between the structures of...Ch. 8 - Use the web to look up information on nanotubes....Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.8PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.9PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.10PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.11PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.12PAECh. 8 - 8.13 What is the coordination number of atoms in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.14PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.15PAECh. 8 - 8.16 Iridium forms a face-centered cubic lattice,...Ch. 8 - 8.17 Europium forms a body-centered cubic unit...Ch. 8 - 8.18 Manganese has a body-centered cubic unit cell...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.19PAECh. 8 - 8.20 How many electrons per atom are delocalized...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.21PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.22PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.23PAECh. 8 - 8.24 What is the key difference between metallic...Ch. 8 - 8.25 Draw a depiction of the band structure of a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.26PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.27PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.28PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.29PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.30PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.31PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.32PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.33PAECh. 8 - Suppose that a device is using a 15.0-mg sample of...Ch. 8 - 8.35 What is an instantancous dipole?Ch. 8 - 8.36 Why are dispersion forces attractive?Ch. 8 - 8.37 If a molecule is not very polarizable, how...Ch. 8 - 8.38 What is the relationship between...Ch. 8 - 8.39 Under what circumstances are ion-dipole...Ch. 8 - 8.40 Which of the following compounds would be...Ch. 8 - 8.41 What is the specific feature of N, O, and F...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.42PAECh. 8 - 8.43 Identify the kinds of intermolecular forces...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.44PAECh. 8 - 8.45 Describe how interactions between molecules...Ch. 8 - 8.46 What makes a chemical compound volatile?Ch. 8 - 8.47 Answer each of the following questions with...Ch. 8 - 8.48 Why must the vapor pressure of a substance be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.49PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.50PAECh. 8 - 8.51 Suppose that three unknown pure substances...Ch. 8 - 8.52 Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.53PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.54PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.55PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.56PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.57PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.58PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.59PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.60PAECh. 8 - 8.61 Distinguish between a block copolymer and a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.62PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.63PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.64PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.65PAECh. 8 - 8.66 What structural characteristics are needed...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.67PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.68PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.69PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.70PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.71PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.72PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.73PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.74PAECh. 8 - 8.75 Using pentagons, draw arrangements that...Ch. 8 - 8.76 Using circles, draw regular two-dimensional...Ch. 8 - 8.77 What is the difference between a bonding...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.78PAECh. 8 - 8.79 Most gaseous compounds consist of small...Ch. 8 - 8.80 Why are dipole—dipole forces typically...Ch. 8 - 8.81 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a liquid at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.82PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.83PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.84PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.85PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.86PAECh. 8 - 8.87 Use the vapor pressure curves illustrated...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.88PAECh. 8 - 8.89 The following data show the vapor pressure of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.90PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.91PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.92PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.93PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.94PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.95PAECh. 8 - 8.96 A business manager wants to provide a wider...Ch. 8 - 8.97 The doping of semiconductors can be done with...Ch. 8 - 8.98 If you know the density of material and the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.99PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.100PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.101PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.102PAECh. 8 - 8.103 Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is used in refining...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.104PAECh. 8 - Prob. 8.105PAE
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- Halothane, which had been used as an anesthetic, has the molecular formula CHBrClCF3. Write the Lewis structure for halothane. Is halothane a polar molecule? Explain your answer. Can hydrogen bonding occur in halothane? Explain.arrow_forwardThe molecules BF3, CF4, CO2, PF5, and SF6 are all nonpolar, even though they all contain polar bonds. Why?arrow_forwardThe lattice energy of KF is 794 kJ/mol, and the interionic distance is 269 pm. The Na—F distance in NaF, which has the same structure as KF, is 231 pm. Which of the following values is the closest approximation of the lattice energy of NaF: 682 kJ/mol, 794 kJ/mol, 924 kJ/mol, 1588 kJ/mol, or 3175 kJ/mol? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- 7.74 In a lattice, a positive ion is often surrounded by eight negative ions. We might reason, therefore, that the lattice energy should be related to eight times the potential of interaction between these oppositely charged particles. Why is this reasoning too simpler?arrow_forwardWhat is a driving force? Name two common and important driving forces, and give an example of each. What is entropy? Although the total energy of the universe is constant, is the entropy of the universe constant? What is a spontaneous process?arrow_forwardThe bond energy for a CH bond is about 413 kJ/mol in CH4 but 380 kJ/mol in CHBr3. Although these values are relatively close in magnitude, they are different. Explain why they are different. Does the fact that the bond energy is lower in CHBr3, make any sense? Why?arrow_forward
- The precious gem ruby is aluminum oxide, Al2O3, containing traces of Cr3+. The compound Al2Se3 is used in the fabrication of some semiconductor devices. Which has the larger lattice energy, Al2O3 or Al2Se3?arrow_forwardthe lattice energy of CaC2(s) is -2911 kJ/mol. calculate a value for the thermochemical radius of the carbide ion, C2^2-.arrow_forwardHow do I calculate Δf H of MgCl(s) given the following data? Enthalpy of sublimation for Mg(s) = + 146 kJ/mol enthalpy of dissociation of Cl2 (g)= +244 kJ/mol electron affinity of Cl- = -349 kJ/mol first ionization energy of magnesium Mg (g) = 738 kJ/mol lattice energy of MgCl(s) = -676 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- (a) Based on the lattice energies of MgCl2 and SrCl2 given inTable 8.1, what is the range of values that you would expectfor the lattice energy of CaCl2? (b) Using data from AppendixC, Figure 7.11, Figure 7.13, and the value of the secondionization energy for Ca, 1145 kJ>mol, calculate the latticeenergy of CaCl2.arrow_forwardUsing the following data, calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride: Ca2+(g) + 2Cl– (g) → CaCl2(s) ΔHlattice = ? Sublimation enthalpy of calcium ΔH = 177.8 kJ/mol First ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 590.2 kJ/mol Second ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 1144.2 kJ/mol First electron affinity of chlorine ΔH = –349 kJ/mol Heat of formation of CaCl2(s) ΔH = –795.4 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2 (see Table 2) Use Hess’s law to calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride. set-up must show all the chemical equations and you must show how their H values add up to give your answer.arrow_forwardState whether the bonding in each compound is likely to be covalent: i) glucose, ii) nitrogen, iii) aluminum hydroxide, iv) ammonia, v) neon. b) A substance, XY, formed from two different elements, melts at 350°C. Is XY likely to be a covalent or an ionic substance?arrow_forward
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