Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781488613715
Author: Tool_encoder.encodeforhtml(${ctx_requestparams.author})
Publisher: Pearson Education Australia
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Chapter 8, Problem 9TYU
Summary Introduction
To propose: A model on the basis of graph to explain the molecular event occurring at each stage of the reaction profile.
Concept introduction: Enzymes are catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction. The enzyme assay is a technique performed in laboratories to determine the concentration and activity of an enzyme. It is a very useful technique as it can provide information about the interaction of the enzyme with the substrate, drugs, inhibitors, and others.
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • DRAW IT A researcher has developedan assay to measure the activity of an important enzymepresent in pancreatic cells growing in culture. She adds theenzyme’s substrate to a dish of cells and then measures theappearance of reaction products. The results are graphed as theamount of product on the y-axis versus time on the x-axis. Theresearcher notes four sections of the graph. For a short periodof time, no products appear (section A). Then (section B) thereaction rate is quite high (the slope of the line is steep). Next,the reaction gradually slows down (section C). Finally, thegraph line becomes flat (section D). Draw and label the graph,and propose a model to explain the molecular events occurringat each stage of this reaction profile.
Biology
1.Which of the following would be important for the catalysis of a reaction by any enzyme?
a. the capacity of the substrate to diffuse
b. the capacity of the enzyme to bind the substrate
c. the capacity of the enzyme to release the product of the reaction
d. A and B are both important.
e. A, B and C are all important.
. MAKE CONNECTIONS Considering how enzymes function (see Concept 8.4), explain why vitamins are requiredin very small amounts.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition
Ch. 8.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How does the second law of...Ch. 8.1 - Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as...Ch. 8.1 - WHAT IF? If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the...Ch. 8.2 - Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen,...Ch. 8.2 - VISUAL SKILLS How would the processes of...Ch. 8.2 - WHAT IF? Some nighttime partygoers wear glow-in-...Ch. 8.3 - How does ATP typically transfer energy from an...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Does Figure 8.11a show passive...Ch. 8.4 - Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly. Why...
Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.4 - WHAT IF? Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 8.5 - How do an activator and an inhibitor have...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8 - Explain how the highly ordered structure of a cell...Ch. 8 - Explain the meaning of each component in the...Ch. 8 - Describe the ATP cycle: How is ATP used and...Ch. 8 - How do both activation energy barriers and enzymes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5CRCh. 8 - Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 8 - Which of the following metabolic processes can...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 8 - Some bacteria art metabolically active in hot...Ch. 8 - If an enzyme is added to a solution where its...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some people argue that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 8 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER Life...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYU
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- Test Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that when a substrate binds to an enzymes active site, (a) it fits perfectly, like a key in a lock (b) the substrate and enzyme undergo conformational changes (c) a site other than the active site undergoes a conformational change (d) the substrate and the enzyme become irreversibly bound to each other (e) c and darrow_forwardBen is studying an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. In the reaction, H+ ions are formed. He found that after a specific time, the reaction stopped, even though there was still a lot of substrate available in the mixture. a) Propose a hypothesis to explain why the reaction stopped.arrow_forwardYou design an experiment to explore the effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of glucose (product) production. In the experiment, you prepare 5 tubes with equal amounts of water and substrate but altered the amount of enzyme. Tube #1 did not have enzyme, Tube #2 had 100 mg of enzyme, Tube #3 had 200 mg of enzyme, Tube #4 had 300 mg of enzyme, Tube #5 had 400 mg of enzyme. The results are summarized in the graph. Select all that apply.  Given enough time all tubes (#1-5) would reach 1100 mg/dL.  The substrate in tube #1 was denatured at 40 minutes.  The fastest rate of reaction was in Tube #4.  Adding more enzyme to Tube #5 at 40 minutes would produce more product.  Tube #4 and #5 have run out of substrate at 40 minutes.arrow_forward
- 3. Inside the treasure chest, you find that whoever last left this treasure had discovered an amazing new enzyme that will revolutionize life as we know it. It’s clear from the diagram provided along with the vial that the enzyme converts a substrate (S) into a product (P), with a Ks of 5 mM. You decide to set up an experiment: you add the enzyme to an initial substrate concentration of 15 µM. You note that after 8 minutes the concentration of the substrate is halved. What is the rate constant k, the vmax and the product concentration after 14 minutes?arrow_forwardENZYME CATALYSIS lab Construct a hypothesis addressing the effect concentration will have on rate of reaction.  What chemical reaction is being catalyzed in the experiment? Label the substrate(s), enzyme and product(s).arrow_forwardWhen substrate concentration [S] << Km, the rate of an enzymatic reaction is increased by A.  increasing kcat/Km B. increasing total enzyme concentration C. increasing [S] D. A and B E. A, B and C    increasing kcat/Km   increasing total enzyme concentration   increasing [S]   A and B   A, B and Carrow_forward
- Research the enzyme Caspase-2 Indicate i) the class of enzymes to which it belongs to, ii) name the kind of bond that is modified due to its activity, iii) indicate the substrate that is recognised by the enzyme using the amino acid three letter code and iv) whether the enzyme displays high or low substrate specificity.arrow_forwardExplain how enzymes work, what is their chemical composition (i.e., protein, carbohydrate, or lipid), why are enzymes needed to increase the rate of product production, and lastly, what happens to an enzyme once it has been exposed to extreme temperatures and pH values above and below their optimal range?arrow_forwardUsing Model 10.9, draw the structure of the substrates of the pentose phosphate pathway and write down the enzymes and coenzymes that are involved in the reactionarrow_forward
- Why is an enzyme considered "specific"? A. Only one type of enzyme is found in our bodies B. Only certain enzymes can pass through the cell membrane C. Its active site must match the substrate to do its job D. The enzyme can only move from high to low concentrationarrow_forwardthe graph shows the rate of reaction data for 2 different enzymes. one of these enzymes is found in the stomach, the other is found in the mouth.In 5 sentences explain which of these lines is more likely to indicate the enzyme found in the stomach.arrow_forwardChoose only the letter, no explanation needed. Enzyme activity is affected by a variety of factors. What factor causes the enzyme to denature if it becomes extremely high? * Choices: A. Water's Effect B. pH C. Temperature D. Activator's Effect An inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site, preventing the substrate from binding to it. What conclusions can you make from this situation? * A. No reaction occurred B. Non-competitive inhibition occurred C. Enzyme activity occurred D. Competitive inhibition occurred Each enzyme is very selective when it comes to its substrate. What can you conclude from this statement? * A. Any substrate can bind to the active site. B. Enzymes are used up in the reaction. C. Only a specific substrate can bind to the active site. D. Enzymes break down when not used. Lock : Key :: Active Site : _____________________________ * A. Substrate B. Active Site C. Coenzyme D. Cofactor Enzymes only speed up biological functions, so they are NOT used up in the…arrow_forward
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