The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid. Concept introduction: Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

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Upon completion of a chemical reaction, you find you have a mixture of benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate. Propose a procedure to separate the ethyl benzoate from the mixture. You should look up the structures of benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate.

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1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8.6, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

Answer 6

Chapter 8.6, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

Answer 7

Chapter 8.6, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagent for the given conversion is to be interpreted as dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The presence of pi bonds in these molecules makes them more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons; alkanes. The stability of alkenes depends on the substituted groups.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 13

Ch. 8.3 - Provide a systematic name for each of the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 7PTS Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8ATS Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 9CC

Solution Summary: The author explains that alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. Dilute sulfuric acid must be used as it is an acid-catalyzed

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