Debtholders receive note contracts, one for each note, that describe the payments promised by the issuer of the debt. In addition, the issuing corporation frequently enters a supplementary agreement, callcd a note indenture, with a trustee who represents the debtholders. The provisions or covenants of the indenture may place restrictions on the issuer for the benefit of the debtholders. For example, an indenture may require that the issuer’s debt to equity ratio never rise above a specified level or that periodic payments be made to the trustee who administers a “sinking fund" to provide for the retirement of debt.
Consider Roswell Manufacturing’s debt indenture, which requires that Roswell’s debt to equity ratio never exceed 2:1. If Roswell violates this requirement, the debt indenture specifies very costly penalties, and if the violation continues, the entire debt issue must be retired at a disadvantageous price and refinanced. In recent years, Roswell’s ratio has averaged about 1.5:1 ($15 million in total liabilities and $10 million in total stockholders’ equity). However, Roswell has an opportunity to purchase one of its major competitors, Ashland Products. The acquisition will require $4.5 million in additional liabilities, but it will double Roswell’s net income. Roswell does not believe that a stock issue is feasible in the current environment. The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a new standard concerning accounting for post employment benefits, which is strongly supported by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Implementation of the new standard will add about S2 million to Roswell’s long-term liabilities. Roswell’s CEO. Martha Cooper, has written a strong letter of objection to the FASB. The FASB received similar letters from over 300 companies.
Required;
1. Write a paragraph presenting an analysis of the impact of the new standard on Roswell Manufacturing.
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- When a customer is delinquent on paying a notes receivable, your company has the option to continue to attempt collection or sell the debt to a collection agency. Research the benefits and challenges with each of these options and in a short essay, answer the following questions. A. What are the benefits and challenges of continuing to attempt collection yourself? B. What are the benefits and challenges of selling debt to a collection agency? C. If you had a dishonored notes receivable, which option would you select and why? D. Would you weight certain benefits or challenges differently when making your selection? How?arrow_forwardWhich is an incorrect scenario on covenants?a. The issuing firms pursued revenue generating projects to ensure payment of the interest and theprincipal on a timely basis.b. The issuing firm disposes a mortgage on a bond to settle other creditors’ claims to prevent insolvency.c. The issuing firm submitted periodic reports to the trustee bank to fulfill the loan agreement.d. The issuing firm disposed the collateral to settle the agreement with the bondholders.e. B & Df. All of the aboveg. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe FHA implements its programs with which of the following procedures? Providing government bonds as collateral for loans Issuing an insured commitment covering the loan Funding a portion of each loan at closing Guaranteeing a portion of each loanarrow_forward
- Holly Hill Acres, Ltd., executed and delivered a promissory note and a purchase money mortgage to Rogers and Blythe. The note provided that it was secured by a mortgage on certain real estate and that the terms of that mortgage “are by this reference made a part hereof.” Rogers and Blythe then assigned the note to Charter Bank, and the bank sought to foreclose on the note and mortgage. Holly Hill Acres refused to pay, claiming that the note was not negotiable and therefore subject to the defense that Holly Hill Acres had been defrauded by Rogers and Blythe. a. Present the position that the note is a negotiable instrument. b. What is the position that the note is nonnegotiable? c. Is the note negotiable or nonnegotiable? Explain.arrow_forwardUnder IFRS, bond issuance costs, including the printing costs and legal fees associated with the issuance, should be:(a) expensed in the period when the debt is issued.(b) recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of bonds payable.(c) accumulated in a deferred charge account and amortized over the life of the bonds.(d) reported as an expense in the period the bonds mature or are redeemed.arrow_forwardIn accounting for short-term debt expected to be refinanced to long-term debt:(a) GAAP uses the authorization date to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced. (b) IFRS uses the authorization date to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced. (c) IFRS uses the financial statement date to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced. (d) GAAP uses the date of issue, but only for secured debt, to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced.arrow_forward
- When an entity breaches a covenant under a long-term loan agreement on or before the end of the reporting periodwith the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand, the liability is classified as noncurrent whenI. The lender has agreed after the end if the reporting period and before the financial statements areauthorized for issue not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.II. The lender has agreed on or before the end of the reporting period to provide a grace period ending atleast twelve months after that date. a. Both I and IIb. Neither I and IIc. I onlyd. II onlyarrow_forwardThe bonds in which the name of the owners is not registered with the Corporation that issues them are known as:Response option group Bonds carrier Term bonds. Bond obligations. Secured bonds.arrow_forwardTo be effective issuing and investing in bonds, knowledge of their terminology, characteristics, and features is essential. For example: • A bond’s refers to the interest payment or payments paid by a bond. • A bond issuer is said to be in if it does not pay the interest or the principal in accordance with the terms of the indenture agreement or if it violates one or more of the issue’s restrictive covenants. • The contract that describes the terms of a borrowing arrangement between a firm that sells a bond issue and the investors who purchase the bonds is called . • A bond’s gives the issuer the right to call, or redeem, a bond at specific times and under specific conditions. Suppose you read an article about the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District bonds. It includes the following information: Bridge Bonds Series A Dated 7-15-2005 4.375% Due 7-15-2055 @100.00 What is the issuing date of this bond? 7-15-2005 7-15-2055…arrow_forward
- In accounting for short-term debt expected to be refinanced to long-term debt: a. GAAP uses the authorization date to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced. b. IFRS uses the authorization date to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced. c. IFRS and GAAP use the financial statement date to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced. d. GAAP uses the date of issue, but only for secured debt, to determine classification of short-term debt to be refinanced.arrow_forwardThe agreements and other terms of the contract between the issuer of the bonds and the one that lends the funds are established in: The surety contracts (bond indenture). Bond obligations (bond debenture). Registered bonds. Voucher coupon.arrow_forwardThe following is attached to the company's financial statements, pay attention to the noncurrent liabilities and shareholders’ equity sections. Questions:a. Based on the financial statements above, explain possible “debt to equity swap” scheme carried out by the client!b. What evidence do you need to collect to ensure that the client's debt to equity swap is free from material misstatement?arrow_forward
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