Concept explainers
Debtholders receive note contracts, one for each note, that describe the payments promised by the issuer of the debt. In addition, the issuing corporation frequently enters a supplementary agreement, called a note indenture, with a trustee who represents the debtholders. The provisions or covenants of the indenture may place restrictions on the issuer for the benefit of the debtholders. For example, an indenture may require that the issuer’s debt to equity ratio never rise above a specified level or that periodic payments be made to the trustee who administers a “sinking fund" to provide for the retirement of debt.
Consider Roswell Manufacturing’s debt indenture, which requires that Roswell’s debt to equity ratio never exceed 2:1. If Roswell violates this requirement, the debt indenture specifies very costly penalties, and if the violation continues, the entire debt issue must be retired at a disadvantageous price and refinanced. In recent years, Roswell’s ratio has averaged about 1.5:1 ($15 million in total liabilities and $10 million in total stockholders’ equity). However, Roswell has an opportunity to purchase one of its major competitors, Ashland Products. The acquisition will require $4.5 million in additional liabilities, but it will double Roswell’s net income. Roswell does not believe that a stock issue is feasible in the current environment. The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a new standard concerning accounting for post employment benefits, which is strongly supported by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Implementation of the new standard will add about S2 million to Roswell’s long-term liabilities. Roswell’s CEO. Martha Cooper, has written a strong letter of objection to the FASB. The FASB received similar letters from over 300 companies.
Required;
2. If you were a member of the FASB and met Martha Cooper at a professional meeting, how would you respond to her objection?
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- Debtholders receive note contracts, one for each note, that describe the payments promised by the issuer of the debt. In addition, the issuing corporation frequently enters a supplementary agreement, callcd a note indenture, with a trustee who represents the debtholders. The provisions or covenants of the indenture may place restrictions on the issuer for the benefit of the debtholders. For example, an indenture may require that the issuers debt to equity ratio never rise above a specified level or that periodic payments be made to the trustee who administers a sinking fund to provide for the retirement of debt. Consider Roswell Manufacturings debt indenture, which requires that Roswells debt to equity ratio never exceed 2:1. If Roswell violates this requirement, the debt indenture specifies very costly penalties, and if the violation continues, the entire debt issue must be retired at a disadvantageous price and refinanced. In recent years, Roswells ratio has averaged about 1.5:1 ($15 million in total liabilities and $10 million in total stockholders equity). However, Roswell has an opportunity to purchase one of its major competitors, Ashland Products. The acquisition will require $4.5 million in additional liabilities, but it will double Roswells net income. Roswell does not believe that a stock issue is feasible in the current environment. The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a new standard concerning accounting for post employment benefits, which is strongly supported by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Implementation of the new standard will add about S2 million to Roswells long-term liabilities. Roswells CEO. Martha Cooper, has written a strong letter of objection to the FASB. The FASB received similar letters from over 300 companies. Required; 1. Write a paragraph presenting an analysis of the impact of the new standard on Roswell Manufacturing.arrow_forwardWhen a customer is delinquent on paying a notes receivable, your company has the option to continue to attempt collection or sell the debt to a collection agency. Research the benefits and challenges with each of these options and in a short essay, answer the following questions. A. What are the benefits and challenges of continuing to attempt collection yourself? B. What are the benefits and challenges of selling debt to a collection agency? C. If you had a dishonored notes receivable, which option would you select and why? D. Would you weight certain benefits or challenges differently when making your selection? How?arrow_forwardWhen the original terms of a debt agreement are changed because of financial difficulties experienced by the debtor (borrower), the new arrangement is referred to as a troubled debt restructuring. Such a restructuring can take a variety of forms. For accounting purposes, these possibilities are categorized. What are the accounting classifications of troubled debt restructurings?arrow_forward
- When bonds and other debt securities are issued, payments such as legal costs, printing costs, and underwriting fees, are referred to as debt issuance costs (called transaction costs under IFRS). If Rushing International prepares its financial statements using IFRS: a. the recorded amount of the debt is increased by the transaction costs. b. the decrease in the effective interest rate caused by the transaction costs is reflected in the interest expense. c. the transaction costs are recorded separately as an asset. d. the increase in the effective interest rate caused by the transaction costs is reflected in the interest expense.arrow_forwardStafford Surety Co. agreed to act as the conditional guarantor of collection on a debt owed by Preston Decker to Cole. Stafford was paid a premium by Preston to serve as surety. Preston defaults on the obligation. What are Cole’s rights against Stafford Surety Co.?arrow_forwardWhen an entity breaches a covenant under a long-term loan agreement on or before the end of the reporting periodwith the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand, the liability is classified as noncurrent whenI. The lender has agreed after the end if the reporting period and before the financial statements areauthorized for issue not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.II. The lender has agreed on or before the end of the reporting period to provide a grace period ending atleast twelve months after that date. a. Both I and IIb. Neither I and IIc. I onlyd. II onlyarrow_forward
- Revenue bonds, compared with general obligation bonds, generally A.) Are paid out of property or sales tax revenues. B.) Bear lower interest rates. C.) Are subject to the same debt limitations. D.) Are not backed by the full faith and credit of the issuing government.arrow_forwardThe bonds in which the name of the owners is not registered with the Corporation that issues them are known as:Response option group Bonds carrier Term bonds. Bond obligations. Secured bonds.arrow_forwardTo be effective issuing and investing in bonds, knowledge of their terminology, characteristics, and features is essential. For example: • A bond’s refers to the interest payment or payments paid by a bond. • A bond issuer is said to be in if it does not pay the interest or the principal in accordance with the terms of the indenture agreement or if it violates one or more of the issue’s restrictive covenants. • The contract that describes the terms of a borrowing arrangement between a firm that sells a bond issue and the investors who purchase the bonds is called . • A bond’s gives the issuer the right to call, or redeem, a bond at specific times and under specific conditions. Suppose you read an article about the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District bonds. It includes the following information: Bridge Bonds Series A Dated 7-15-2005 4.375% Due 7-15-2055 @100.00 What is the issuing date of this bond? 7-15-2005 7-15-2055…arrow_forward
- Under IFRS, bond issuance costs, including the printing costs and legal fees associated with the issuance, should be:(a) expensed in the period when the debt is issued.(b) recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of bonds payable.(c) accumulated in a deferred charge account and amortized over the life of the bonds.(d) reported as an expense in the period the bonds mature or are redeemed.arrow_forwardThe FHA implements its programs with which of the following procedures? Providing government bonds as collateral for loans Issuing an insured commitment covering the loan Funding a portion of each loan at closing Guaranteeing a portion of each loanarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of nonrecourse debt? (a) A personal loan secured by collateral where the borrower's liability is limited to the collateral. (b) Any business debt that is secured by collateral. (c) A home mortgage where the buyer is personally liable for any deficiency after foreclosure. (d) An automobile lease.arrow_forward
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