Chapter 9, Problem 14P

1.

To determine

Journalize the transactions for the year 2016-2018 in the books of Incorporation CA.

Explanation of Solution

Warranty:

Warranty is a written guarantee that is given by the seller to the buyer for the product against product’s defect.

Prepare the journal entry to record the sales for the year 2016:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2016	Cash or Accounts receivable	500,000
	Sales		500,000
	(To record the sale revenue)

Table (1)

• Cash or an account receivable is an asset account and it is increased. Thus, debit cash or accounts receivable with $500,000.
• Sales are a revenue account and it increases the shareholders’ equity. Thus, credit sales with $500,000.

Prepare the journal entry to record the estimated warranty liability for the year 2016:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2016	Warranty expense (1)	75,000
	Estimated warranty liability		75,000
	(To record the estimated warranty liability)

Table (2)

Working note (1):

Determine the amount of estimated warranty liability.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Estimated warranty liability =}\left[\begin{array}{l}\text{Sales }\times \text{Percentage of estimated}\\ \text{warranty cost of sale}\end{array}\right]\\ =\$500,000\times \left(3\%+5\%+7\%\right)\\ =\$75,000\end{array}$

• Warranty expense is an expense account and it decreases the value of shareholders’ equity. Thus, debit warranty expense with $75,000.
• Estimated warranty liability is a liability and it is increased. Thus, credit estimated warranty liability with $75,000.

Prepare the journal entry to record the warranty cost incurred during the year 2016:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2016	Estimated warranty liability	62,000
	Cash or other assets		62,000
	(To record the warranty cost incurred during the year)

Table (3)

• Estimated warranty liability is a liability and it is decreased. Thus, debit estimated warranty liability with $62,000.
• Cash or other asset is an asset account and it is decreased. Thus, credit cash or other assets with $62,000.

Prepare the journal entry to record the sales for the year 2017:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2017	Cash or Accounts receivable	650,000
	Sales		650,000
	(To record the sale revenue)

Table (4)

• Cash or an account receivable is an asset account and it is increased. Thus, debit cash or accounts receivable with $650,000.
• Sales are a revenue account and it increases the shareholders’ equity. Thus, credit sales with $650,000.

Prepare the journal entry to record the estimated warranty liability for the year 2017:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2017	Warranty expense (2)	97,500
	Estimated warranty liability		97,500
	(To record the estimated warranty liability)

Table (5)

Working note (2):

Determine the amount of estimated warranty liability.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Estimated warranty liability =}\left[\begin{array}{l}\text{Sales }\times \text{Percentage of estimated}\\ \text{warranty cost of sale}\end{array}\right]\\ =\$650,000\times \left(3\%+5\%+7\%\right)\\ =\$97,500\end{array}$

• Warranty expense is an expense account and it decreases the value of shareholders’ equity. Thus, debit warranty expense with $97,500.
• Estimated warranty liability is a liability and it is increased. Thus, credit estimated warranty liability with $97,500.

Prepare the journal entry to record the warranty cost incurred during the year 2017:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2017	Estimated warranty liability	82,000
	Cash or other assets		82,000
	(To record the warranty cost incurred during the year)

Table (6)

• Estimated warranty liability is a liability and it is decreased. Thus, debit estimated warranty liability with $82,000.
• Cash or other asset is an asset account and it is decreased. Thus, credit cash or other assets with $82,000.

Prepare the journal entry to record the sales for the year 2018:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2018	Cash or Accounts receivable	700,000
	Sales		700,000
	(To record the sale revenue)

Table (7)

• Cash or an account receivable is an asset account and it is increased. Thus, debit cash or accounts receivable with $700,000.
• Sales are a revenue account and it increases the shareholders’ equity. Thus, credit sales with $700,000.

Prepare the journal entry to record the estimated warranty liability for the year 2018:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2018	Warranty expense (3)	105,000
	Estimated warranty liability		105,000
	(To record the estimated warranty liability)

Table (8)

Working note (3):

Determine the amount of estimated warranty liability.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Estimated warranty liability =}\left[\begin{array}{l}\text{Sales }\times \text{Percentage of estimated}\\ \text{warranty cost of sale}\end{array}\right]\\ =\$700,000\times \left(3\%+5\%+7\%\right)\\ =\$105,000\end{array}$

• Warranty expense is an expense account and it decreases the value of shareholders’ equity. Thus, debit warranty expense with $105,000.
• Estimated warranty liability is a liability and it is increased. Thus, credit estimated warranty liability with $105,000.

Prepare the journal entry to record the warranty cost incurred during the year 2018:

Date	Account titles and explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2018	Estimated warranty liability	85,000
	Cash or other assets		85,000
	(To record the warranty cost incurred during the year)

Table (9)

• Estimated warranty liability is a liability and it is decreased. Thus, debit estimated warranty liability with $85,000.
• Cash or other asset is an asset account and it is decreased. Thus, credit cash or other assets with $85,000.

2.

To determine

Determine the amount of liability that would be reported by Incorporation CA on its December 31, 2018 balance sheet.

Explanation of Solution

Liabilities: The claims creditors have over assets or resources of a company are referred to as liabilities. These are the debt obligations owed by company to creditors. Liabilities are classified on the balance sheet as current liabilities and long-term liabilities.

Prepare the T-account to determine the amount of estimated warranty liability:

The amount of liability that would be reported by Incorporation CA on its December 31, 2018 balance sheet is $136,700.

3.

To determine

Explain the manner in which the financial statements are affected for not recognizing the contingent liability.

Explanation of Solution

According to the recognition principle, recognition of loss contingencies is to record the loss during the current period in which it is incurred. Thus, a loss must be recognized in the same period in which it is incurred and that would result in the probable decrease in an asset or the probable increase in the value of liability. If the loss contingencies are not recognized during the particular period, then it would understate the expense, overstate the earnings, overstate the shareholders’ equity, understate the liabilities in the beginning period and understate the earning of the future period.