The Analysis of Biological Data
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781936221486
Author: Michael C. Whitlock, Dolph Schluter
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 14PP
(a)
To determine
To construct the mosaic plot of these data.
(b)
To determine
To conduct the hypothesis testing to test the relationship of the variables.
(c)
To determine
To explain the result of testing in part b on the on the study.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A researcher is interested in examining whether doctors are as accurate at diagnosing certain illnesses via telehealth as they are in person. She randomly assigns a sample of doctors to either see patients via telehealth or in person, and assesses their diagnostic accuracy.
What is the dependent variable?
The article "Americans are 'Getting the Wrong Idea' on Alcohol and Health"† reported that observational studies in recent years that have concluded that moderate drinking is associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be misleading. The article refers to a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that showed that moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers.
Explain why the existence of these potentially confounding variables prevents drawing the conclusion that moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heart disease. (Select all that apply.)
Someone who is more active is more likely to avoid healthier food.
Someone who is wealthier is more likely to purchase healthier food.
Someone who is more active is more likely to seek out healthier food.
Someone who is educated is more likely to seek out healthier food.
Someone who is educated is more likely to not be aware of what…
The article "Americans are 'Getting the Wrong Idea' on Alcohol and Health"† reported that observational studies in recent years that have concluded that moderate drinking is associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be misleading. The article refers to a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that showed that moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers.
Explain why the existence of these potentially confounding variables prevents drawing the conclusion that moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heart disease. (Select all that apply.)
a. Someone who is more active is more likely to avoid healthier food.
b.Someone who is more active is more likely to seek out healthier food.
c. Someone who is wealthier is more likely to purchase healthier food.
d.Someone who is educated is more likely to seek out healthier food.
e.Someone who is educated is more likely to not be aware…
Chapter 9 Solutions
The Analysis of Biological Data
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The director of an obesity clinic in a large northwestern city believes that drinking soft drinks contribute to obesity in children. To determine whether a relationship exists between these two variables, she conducts the following pilot study. Eight- 12-year-old male volunteers are randomly selected from children attending a local junior high school. Parents of the children are asked to monitor the number of soft drinks consumed by their child over a one week period. The children are weighed at the end of the week and their weights converted into body mass index (BMI) values. The BMI is a common index used to measure obesity and takes into account both height and weight. An individual is considered obese if they have a BMI value 30. The following data or collected: child. # of soft drinks consumed BMI 1 3 20 2 1 18 3…arrow_forwardWhich of the independent variables retains the strongest association with the number of children a respondent has when all other variables in the model are controlled? What is that association? Which has the weakest when other variables are controlled?arrow_forwardKnight and Haslam (2010) found that office workers who had some input into the design of their office space were more productive and had higher well-being compared to workers for whom the office design was completely controlled by an office manager. For this study, identify the independent variable and the dependent variablearrow_forward
- Does posting calorie content for menu items affectpeople’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh(2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitoredthe calorie content of food purchases for children andadolescents in four large fast-food chains before andafter mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing thecalorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect ontheir choices. Data similar to the results obtained showan average of M = 786 calories per meal with s =85 for n =100 children and adolescents before thelabeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calorieswith s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after themandatory posting.a. Use a two-tailed test with a = .05 to determinewhether the mean number of calories after theposting is significantly different than before caloriecontent was posted.b. Calculate r2to measure effect size for the mean difference.arrow_forward“This paper reports the prevalence of obesity in the US based on World Health Organization’s (WHO) classification of obesity. It also reports the prevalence of individuals in the general population who use dietary modifications and/or exercise to lose weight. The main objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between obesity status, HRQL, dietary modifications, and exercise…Responses to the HRQL questions were used as dependent variables…by dichotomizing the number of reported days with poor physical health…into ≤ 14 days and > 14 days.” (Hassan et al., 2003, pp. 1227-1228) The odds ratios that result from the logistic regression defined in part (a) are: Nonoverweight: Reference Overweight: 1.08 (0.99-1.17) Obese: 1.21 (1.09-1.33) Severely Obese: 1.87 (1.64-2.12) Provide a conclusion. Be sure to include a discussion of statistical inference.arrow_forwardDoes posting calorie content for menu items affect people’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh (2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitored the calorie content of food purchases for children and adolescents in four large fast-food chains before and after mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing the calorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect on their choices. Data similar to the results obtained show an average of M =786 per meal with s = 85 for n =100 children and adolescents before the labeling, compared to an average M = 772of with s =91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after the mandatory posting. Use a two-tailed test with alpha = .05 to determine whether the mean number of calories after the posting is significantly different than before calorie content was posted.arrow_forward
- Consider the outcome of serum concentration vitamin D and the predictor cardiorespiratory fitness. Provide a definition of confounding variables in the context of this study, and provide some examples of potential confounders.arrow_forwardIn a study reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, young men who drank fat-free milk after exercising gained 40% more muscle mass than those who drank a soy beverage after exercising. Fat-free milk drinkers gained 60% more muscle mass than those who consumed a sweetened sports drink. What is the response variable in this study? What is the explanatory variable in this study? What is the role – type classification of the variables in this study?arrow_forwardCompared to observational studies like cohort and case-control studies, experimental studies like RCTs are better at establishing causality. True Falsearrow_forward
- Night and Haslam 2010 found that office workers who had some input into the design of their office space were more productive and had higher well being compared to workers for whom the office designs was completely controlled by an office manager for this study identifying the independent variable and the dependent variablearrow_forwardDoes posting calorie content for menu items affect people’s choices in fast food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh (2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitored the calorie content of food purchases for children and adolescents in four large fast food chains before and after mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing the calorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect on their choices. Data similar to the results obtained show an average of M = 786 calories per meal with s = 85 for n = 100 children and adolescents before the labeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calories with s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after the mandatory posting. Use a two-tailed test with α = .05 to determine whether the mean number of calories after the posting is significantly different than before calorie content was posted. Calculate r2 to measure effect size for the mean difference.arrow_forwardA sociologist recorded the number of contacts entered in a cell phone and the number of texts sent in a week for 20 cell phone users. The resulting data were used to conduct a hypothesis test to investigate whether there is a linear relationship between the number of contacts and the number of texts sent. What are the correct hypotheses for the test?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin HarcourtGlencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Sampling Methods and Bias with Surveys: Crash Course Statistics #10; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf-fIpB4D50;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Statistics: Sampling Methods; Author: Mathispower4u;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6ApdTvgvOs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY