21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 9, Problem 14QP
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Choose the correct option regarding the given statement.
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1.) A convection current is caused by differences in temperature resulting to variation in?a. air pressureb.colorc.densityd.mass2.) Scientists believe that the motion of tectonic plates is caused bya. pressure in earth's crustb.conveyor beltsc.convection currentsd.heat in the earth's core3.) It is a measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a subtance.a. volumeb. temperaturec. densityd. mass4.) Hot molten materials in a convection cell rises near thea. outer coreb. crustc. inner cored. mantle5.) The idea that earth's lithosphere is broken up into seperate plates that float on the mantle is the theory ofa. continental driftb. seafloor spreadingc. tectonic movementd. plate tectonics6.) The region in which one plate moves under another isa. rift valleyb. subduction zonec. magma chamberd. vent7.) The motion of gas or liquid caused by differences in temperature is aa. tectonic movementb. plate tectonicc. convection currentd. magma chamber8.) A driving force for plate motion at…
16. Where does nuclear fusion typically happen In our solar system? Why can’t nuclear fusion be used in power plants yet
The colorful display of lights in the upper atmosphere seen in higher and lower latitudes are called auroras. What causes them?
a. the response of the earth’s magnetic field to solar flares
b. solar radiation and particles ionize the gas molecules in that portion of the atmosphere
c. the circulation of the earth’s outer core
d. highly energetic particles coming from outer space glow as they enter our atmosphere
Chapter 9 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 9.1CYUCh. 9.2 - Prob. 9.2CYUCh. 9.3 - Prob. 9.3ACYUCh. 9.3 - Prob. 9.3BCYUCh. 9.4 - Prob. 9.4CYUCh. 9.5 - Prob. 9.5CYUCh. 9 - Prob. 1QPCh. 9 - Prob. 2QPCh. 9 - Prob. 3QPCh. 9 - Prob. 4QP
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- Step-by-step, explain how energy flows from the center of the Sun to Earth.arrow_forwardThe planet Venus is different from the earth in several respects. First, it is only 70% as far from the sun. Second, its thick clouds reflect 77% of all incident sunlight. Finally, its atmosphere is much more opaque to infrared light. Calculate the solar constant at the location of Venus, and estimate what the average surface temperature of Venus would be if it had no atmosphere and did not reflect any sunlight.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains the condition of enhanced greenhouse effect?A. 81% of the radiation penetrating Earth’s atmosphere is of shorter wavelengths.B. UV-A and UV-B radiation exceeds 81% of the 1950 benchmark.C. infrared energy return to the earth is greater than 81%.D. re-radiation to outer space exceeds 81%.Reset SelectionMark for Review What’s This?arrow_forward
- What evidence can you give that granulation is caused by convection?arrow_forwardmantle convection, ridge push, slab pull; which one of these do scientists think is the most important in moving earths huge tectonic plates?arrow_forward4 Determine the albedo flux for an orbit around Earth in Watts/m2, given an altitude of 1,186 kmarrow_forward
- How Do We Know? Why is heat flow the key to understanding a planet’s surface activity?arrow_forwardOver the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of active rift zones, with average separation rates of 5 m/ century. How much area of new ocean crust is created each year over the entire planet? (This area is approximately equal to the amount of ocean crust that is subducted since the total area of the oceans remains about the same.)arrow_forwardIf we pushed the Earth closer to the Sun, it would develop a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere like Venus. All of that CO2 would come from the Earth's a. sea floor after the oceans evaporate b. mantle after the crust melts c. volcanic eruptions which would become more frequent d. polar regions after the ice caps meltarrow_forward
- Describe the process of the formation of charged particles in the atmosphere.arrow_forwardThe total rate at which power is used by humans worldwideis approximately 15 TW (terawatts). The solar flux averagedover the sunlit half of Earth is 680 W>m2 (assumingno clouds). The area of Earth’s disc as seen from the Sun is1.28 * 1014 m2. The surface area of Earth is approximately197,000,000 square miles. How much of Earth’s surfacewould we need to cover with solar energy collectors to powerthe planet for use by all humans? Assume that the solar energycollectors can convert only 10% of the available sunlightinto useful power.arrow_forwardEarthquakes produce several types of shock waves. The most well-known are the P-waves (P for primary or pressure) and the S-waves (S for secondary or shear). In the earth's crust, the P-waves travel at around 6.5 km/skm/s while the S-waves move at about 3.5 km/skm/s. The actual speeds vary depending on the type of material they are going through. The time delay between the arrival of these two waves at a seismic recording station tells geologists how far away the earthquake occurred. If the time delay is 33 ss, how far from the seismic station did the earthquake occur? Express your answer in kilometers d = __________kmarrow_forward
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