Chapter 9, Problem 15Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the process given in the statement “duplication of genes to create extra copies that can acquire new functions” contributes significantly to the evolution of new protein-coding genes.

Concept introduction:

Genes are the functional unit of heredity and variation. It is a segment of DNA with specific nucleotide sequences coding for specific amino acids. Most of the genes contain information essential for the production of many functional proteins.  There are many ways by which new genes can be evolved. Certain mutations in the nucleotide bases of an existing gene may also lead to the production of functionally new genes.

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the process given in the statement “formation of genes de novo from noncoding DNA in the genome” significantly contributes to the evolution of new protein-coding genes.

Concept introduction:

Genes are the functional unit of heredity and variation. It is a segment of DNA with specific nucleotide sequences coding for specific amino acids. Most of the genes contain information essential for the production of many functional proteins.  There are many ways by which new genes can be evolved. Certain mutations in the nucleotide bases of an existing gene may also lead to the production of functionally new genes.

Summary Introduction

C.

To find: Whether the process given in the statement “Horizontal transfer of DNA between cells of different species” significantly contributes to the evolution of new protein-coding genes.

Concept introduction:

Genes are the functional unit of heredity and variation. It is a segment of DNA with specific nucleotide sequences coding for specific amino acids. Most of the genes contain information essential for the production of many functional proteins.  There are many ways by which new genes can be evolved. Certain mutations in the nucleotide bases of an existing gene may also lead to the production of functionally new genes.

D.

Summary Introduction

To find:   Whether the process given in the statement “Mutation of existing genes to create new functions” significantly contributes to the evolution of new protein-coding gene.

Concept introduction:

Genes are the functional unit of heredity and variation. It is a segment of DNA with specific nucleotide sequences coding for specific amino acids. Most of the genes contain information essential for the production of many functional proteins.  There are many ways by which new genes can be evolved. Certain mutations in the nucleotide bases of an existing gene may also lead to the production of functionally new genes.

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the process given in the statement “Shuffling of protein domains by gene arrangement” significantly contributes to the evolution of new protein-coding genes.

Concept introduction:

Genes are the functional unit of heredity and variation. It is a segment of DNA with specific nucleotide sequences coding for specific amino acids. Most of the genes contain information essential for the production of many functional proteins.  There are many ways by which new genes can be evolved. Certain mutations in the nucleotide bases of an existing gene may also lead to the production of functionally new genes.