College Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781285737027
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 89AP
In about 1657. Otto von Guericke, inventor of the air pump, evacuated a sphere made of two brass hemispheres (Fig. P9.89). Two teams of eight horses each could pull the hemispheres apart only on some trials and then “with greatest difficulty,” with the resulting sound likened to a cannon firing. Find the force F required to pull the thin-walled evacuated hemispheres apart in terms of R, the radius of the hemispheres, P the pressure inside the hemispheres, and atmospheric pressure P0.
Figure P9.89
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In a water pistol, a piston drives water through a larger tube of radius 1.00 cm into a smaller tube of radius 1.00 mm as in Figure P9.41. (a) If the pistol is fired horizontally at a height of 1.50 m, use ballistics to determine the time it takes water to travel from the nozzle to the ground. (Neglect air resistance and assume atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm.) (b) If the range of the stream is to be 8.00 m, with what speed must the stream leave the nozzle? (c) Given the areas of the nozzle and cylinder, use the equation of continuity to calculate the speed at which the plunger must be moved.(d) What is the pressure at the nozzle? (e) Use Bernoulli’s equation to find the pressure needed in the larger cylinder. Can gravity terms be neglected? (f ) Calculate the force that must be exerted on the trigger to achieve the desired range. (The force that must be exerted is due to pressure over and above atmospheric pressure.)
In 1654 Otto von Guericke, inventor of the air pump, gave a demonstration before the noblemen of the Holy Roman Empire in which two teams of eight horses could not pull apart two evacuated brass hemispheres. (a) Assuming the hemispheres have (strong) thin walls, so that R may be considered both the inside and outside radius, show that the force required to pull apart the hemispheres has magnitude F = pR2 p, where p is the difference between the pressures outside and inside the sphere. (b) Taking R as 30 cm, the inside pressure as 0.10 atm, and the outside pressure as 1.00 atm, find the force magnitude the teams of horses would have had to exert to pull apart the hemispheres. (c) Explain why one team of horses could have proved the point just as well if the hemispheres were attached to a sturdy wall.
Consider three poles with circular cross sections. Their cross sectional radii (r) and masses (m) described below. Which one exerts largest pressure on the ground if poles stand on their circular edges. Which one exerts the least pressure?
Pole 1: r=1 cm, m=100 kg
Pole 2: r=1.5 cm, m=150 kg
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Chapter 9 Solutions
College Physics
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