Chapter 9.8, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To find the final concentration, heat effect and the resulting solution temperature when sulfuric acid solution is diluted with water.

Concept introduction:

The process of dilution of sulfuric acid with water is an exothermic process where heat is liberated during the process. The sulfuric acid molecules also have high liking to water molecules readily forming ions.

The concentration of sulfuric acid $\left(x_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}}\right)$ is calculated using the formula:

$x_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}}=\frac{\left(\text{wt\%}\right)M_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}}}{M_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}}+M_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}}}$

Here, mass of sulfuric acid is $M_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}}$, weight percentage is $\text{wt\%}$, and mass of water is $M_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}}$.

Adiabatic process:

Adiabatic process refers to a process in which heat is neither allowed to enter nor leave the system. If a mixing process is considered to be adiabatic, then the heat absorbed or liberated is zero, that is $Q=0$.