Chapter C, Problem 2AP

1.

To determine

Prepare the journal entries to record the given transactions.

Explanation of Solution

Journal entry:

Journal entry is a set of economic events which can be measured in monetary terms. These are recorded chronologically and systematically.

Rules of Debit and Credit:

Following rules are followed for debiting and crediting different accounts while they occur in business transactions:

• Debit, all increase in assets, expenses and dividends, all decrease in liabilities, revenues and equities.
• Credit, all increase in liabilities, revenues, and equities, all decrease in assets, and expenses.

Prepare the journal entries to record the given transactions as follows:

Date	Account Titles and Description	Post Ref.	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
April 16, 2017	Short-Term Investments in company G (1)		97,180
	Cash			97,180
	(To record the  Purchase of  4,000 shares of Company G in cash)
May 1, 2017	Short-Term Investments in T-bills		100,000
	Cash			100,000
	(To record the Country U  Treasury bills purchased in cash)
July 7, 2017	Short-Term Investments in Company P (2)		98,675
	Cash			98,675
	(To record 2,000 shares of company P purchased in cash)
July 20, 2017	Short-Term Investments in company X (3)		16,955
	Cash			16,955
	(To record 1,000 shares of Company X purchased in cash)
August 1, 2017	Cash		101,500
	Short-Term Investments in T-bills			100,000
	Interest Revenue (4)			1,500
	(To record principle and interest received for  Country U Treasury bills)
August 15, 2017	Cash		3,400
	Dividend Revenue (5)			3,400
	(To record dividend revenue received in cash)
August 28, 2017	Cash (6)		59,775
	Short-Term Investments in Company G (7)			48,590
	Gain on Sale of Short-Term Investments  (8)			11,185
	(To record sales made 2,000 shares at the rate of $30 per share)
October 1, 2017	Cash		3,800
	Dividend Revenue (9)			3,800
	(To record dividend revenue received in cash)
December 1, 2017	Cash		2,100
	Dividend Revenue (10)			2,100
	(To record dividend revenue received in cash)
December 31, 2017	Cash		2,600
	Dividend Revenue (11)			2,600
	(To record dividend revenue received in cash)

Table (1)

Working note:

Calculate the purchased value of short-term investment (Company G)

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Short-term investment = }\left[\begin{array}{l}\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Price per share}\right)\\ +\text{Brokerage fee}\end{array}\right]\\ =\left(4,000\times \$24.25\text{per}\text{share}\right)+\$180\\ =\$97,000+\$180\\ =\$97,180\end{array}$ (1)

Calculate the purchased value of short-term investment (Company P)

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Short-term investment = }\left[\begin{array}{l}\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Price per share}\right)\\ +\text{Brokerage fee}\end{array}\right]\\ =\left(2,000\times \$49.25\text{per}\text{share}\right)+\$175\\ =\$98,500+\$175\\ =\$98,675\end{array}$ (2)

Calculate the purchased value of short-term investment (Company X)

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Short-term investment = }\left[\begin{array}{l}\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Price per share}\right)\\ +\text{Brokerage fee}\end{array}\right]\\ =\left(1,000\times \$16.75\text{per}\text{share}\right)+\$205\\ =\$16,750+\$205\\ =\$16,955\end{array}$ (3)

Calculate the interest revenue from treasury bills

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Interest = Principle}\times \text{Rate}\times \text{Time}\\ \text{=\$1,000,000}\times \frac{6}{100}\times \frac{3}{12}\\ =\$1,500\end{array}$ (4)

Calculate the dividend revenue received from Company G

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Dividends = }\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Dividend per share}\right)\\ =\left(4,000\times \$0.85\text{per}\text{share}\right)\\ =\$3,400\end{array}$ (5)

Calculate the value of cash received from the sale of stock investment (Company G stocks)

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Cash received = }\left(\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of shares sold}\times \\ \text{Sales price per share}\end{array}\right)-\text{Brokerage fees}\right)\\ =\left(2,000\times \$30\right)-\$225\\ =\$60,000-\$225\\ =\$59,775\end{array}$ (6)

Calculate the purchase value of long-term investment for 2,000 shares of Company G

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Purchase value = }\left(\begin{array}{l}\frac{\text{Cost of investment for 4,000 shares (1)}}{\text{Number of shares invested}}\times \\ \text{Number of shares sold}\end{array}\right)\\ =\left[\frac{\$97,180}{4,000}\times 2,000\right]\\ =\$48,590\end{array}$ (7)

Calculate the gain (loss) from sale of stock investment.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Gain }\left(\text{loss}\right)\\ \text{on investments}\end{array}\}\text{ = }\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash received (6) –}\\ \text{Purchase value (7)}\end{array}\right\}\\ \text{= \$59,775}-\$48,590\\ =\$11,185\end{array}$ (8)

Calculate the dividend revenue received from Company P

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Dividends = }\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Dividend per share}\right)\\ =\left(2,000\times \$1.90\text{per}\text{share}\right)\\ =\$3,800\end{array}$ (9)

Calculate the dividend revenue received from Company G

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Dividends = }\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Dividend per share}\right)\\ =\left(2,000\times \$1.05\text{per}\text{share}\right)\\ =\$2,100\end{array}$ (10)

Calculate the dividend revenue received from Company X$2,60

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Dividends = }\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Dividend per share}\right)\\ =\left(2,000\times \$1.30\text{per}\text{share}\right)\\ =\$2,600\end{array}$ (11)

2.

To determine

Prepare a table to compare the year-end cost and fair value of Company R’s short-term investments in available-for sale securities.

Explanation of Solution

Prepare a table to compare the year-end cost and fair value of Company R’s short-term investments in available-for sale securities as follows:

Name of the company	Cost of short-term investment	Fair value of short-term investment	Unrealized gain or (loss)
Company G	$48,590 (7)	$53,000 (12)
Company P	$98,675 (2)	$93,000 (13)
Company X	$16,955 (3)	$13,750 (14)
Totals	$164,220	$159,750	$(4,470) (15)

Table (2)

Working note:

Calculate the fair value of short-term investment of Company G

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Short-term investment = }\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Fair value per share}\right)\\ =\left(2,000\times \$26.50\text{per}\text{share}\right)\\ =\$53,000\end{array}$ (12)

Calculate the fair value of short-term investment of Company P

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Short-term investment = }\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Fair value per share}\right)\\ =\left(2,000\times \$46.50\text{per}\text{share}\right)\\ =\$93,000\end{array}$ (13)

Calculate the fair value of short-term investment of Company X

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Short-term investment = }\left(\text{Number of shares}\times \text{Fair value per share}\right)\\ =\left(12,000\times \$13.75\text{per}\text{share}\right)\\ =\$13,750\end{array}$ (14)

Calculate the value of unrealized gain or loss

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Short-term investment = }\left(\text{Total Fair value }-\text{ Total cost of investment}\right)\\ =\left(\$159,750-\$164,220\right)\\ =\$(4,470)\end{array}$ (15)

3.

To determine

Prepare an adjusting entry, if necessary, to record the year-end fair value adjustment for the portfolio of short-term investments in available-for-sale securities.

Explanation of Solution

Adjusting entries:

Adjusting entries refers to the entries that are made at the end of an accounting period in accordance with revenue recognition principle, and expenses recognition principle.  The purpose of adjusting entries is to adjust the revenue, and expenses during the period in which they actually occurs.

Prepare an adjusting entry, if necessary, to record the year-end fair value adjustment for the portfolio of short-term investments in available-for-sale securities as follows:

Adjusting entry for unrealized loss:

Date	Account Titles and Description	Post Ref.	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
December, 31	Unrealized loss - Equity		4,470
	Fair value adjustment			4,470
	(To record the  adjustment entry for unrealized loss at the end of the accounting year )

Table (3)

• Unrealized Loss–Equity is an adjustment account to report the investment at fair market value. Since loss has occurred while adjusting; therefore, debit the unrealized Gain or Loss–Equity account with $4,470.
• Fair Value Adjustment is a contra-asset account. The account shows a credit balance since the market price has decreased (loss); therefore, credit the fair value adjustment with $4,470.

4.

To determine

Explain the manner in which the fair value adjustment of Company R’s short-term investment is presented in the balance sheet.

Explanation of Solution

Explain the manner in which the fair value adjustment of Company R’s short-term investment is presented in the balance sheet as follows:

Cost of short-term investment in available-for-sale securities of $164,220 is reported in the assets side of the balance sheet and unrealized loss of $4,470 is subtracted from the cost of investment for the fair value adjustment. Net fair value of $159,750 $\left(\$164,220-\$4,470\right)$  is treated as the current assets of the company; because company R has invested in the short-term securities and it would be reported in the balance sheet based on the fair (market) value of the portfolio of trading securities.

5.

To determine

Explain the manner in which the short-term investments affect company R’s (a) income statement for the year 2017, and (b) the equity section of the balance sheet at year ended 2017.

Explanation of Solution

Explain the manner in which the short-term investments affect company R’s (a) income statement for the year 2017, and (b) the equity section of the balance sheet at year ended 2017 as follows:

(a)Income statement

• Interest Revenue, $1,500
• Dividend Revenue, $11,900 (16)
• Gain on Sale of Short-Term Investments, $11,185
• Net effect on income is $24,585

(b)Equity section of Balance sheet

• Subtraction from equity due to the Unrealized Loss, $4,470
• Increase to equity from the $24,585 increase in income
• Net effect on equity is $20,115

Working note:

Calculate the value of total dividend revenue received

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Tota dividends revenue = }\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Dividend received from Company G+}\\ \text{Dividend received from Company P}\end{array}\right)\\ =\left(\$3,400+\$2,100\right)+\left(\$3,800+\$2,600\right)\\ =\$5,500+6,400\\ =11,900\end{array}$ (16)