Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction
1. What Are the Seven Themes of Psychological Science?
2.
1. Psychology Is an Empirical Science
2. Nature and Nurture Are Inextricably Entwined
3. The Brain and Mind Are Inseparable
4. A New Biological Revolution Is Energizing Research
5. The Mind Is Adaptive
6. Psychological Science Crosses Levels of Analysis
7. We Often Are Unaware of the Multiple Influences on How We Think, Feel, and Act
3. Summing Up: What Are the Seven Themes of Psychological Science?
4. Measuring Up
5. How Did the Scientific Foundations of Psychology Develop?
6.
1. Experimental Psychology Begins with Structuralism
2. Functionalism Addresses the Purpose of Behavior
3. Gestalt Psychology Emphasizes Patterns and Context in Learning
4. Women Made Pioneering Contributions to Psychology
5. Freud Emphasized the Power of the Unconscious
6. Most Behavior Can Be Modified by Reward and Punishment
7. Cognition Affects Behavior
8. Social Situations Shape Behavior
9. Psychological Therapy Is Based on Science
7. Summing Up: How Did the Scientific Foundations of Psychology Develop?
8. Measuring Up
9. How Can We Apply Psychological Science?
10.
1. Psychological Knowledge Is Used in Many Professions
2. People Are Intuitive Psychological Scientists
3. Psychological Science Requires Critical Thinking
4. Psychologists Adhere to a Code of Ethics
5. Psychology Is Relevant to Every Person’s Life
11. Summing Up: How Can We Apply Psychological Science?
12. Measuring Up
13. Conclusion
14. Test Preparation
15.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 2 Research Methodology
1. What Is Scientific Inquiry?
2.
1. The Scientific Method Depends on Theories, Hypotheses, and Research
2. Unexpected Findings Can Be Valuable
3. Summing Up: What Is Scientific Inquiry?
4. Measuring Up
5. What Are the Types of Studies in Psychological Research?
6.
1. Descriptive Studies Involve Observing and Classifying Behavior
2. Correlational Designs Examine How Variables Are Related
3. An Experiment Involves Manipulating Conditions
7. Critical Thinking Skill: Identifying the Need for Control Groups
8. Random Assignment Is Used to Establish Equivalent Groups
9. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing That Large Samples Generate More Reliable Results Than Small Samples
10. Summing Up: What Are the Types of Studies in Psychological Research?
11. Measuring Up
12. What Are the Data Collection Methods of Psychological Science?
13.
1. Observing Is an Unobtrusive Strategy
2. Case Studies Examine Individual Lives and Organizations
3. Asking Takes a More Active Approach
4. Response Performance Measures Information Processing
5. Body/Brain Activity Can Be Measured Directly
6. Research with Animals Provides Important Data
7. There Are Ethical Issues to Consider
14. On Ethics: Deception and the Nuremberg Code
15. Summing Up: What Are the Data Collection Methods of Psychological Science?
16. Measuring Up
17. How Are Data Analyzed and Evaluated?
18.
1. Good Research Requires Valid, Reliable, and Accurate Data
2. Descriptive Statistics Provide a Summary of the Data
3. Correlations Describe the Relationships between Variables
4. Inferential Statistics Permit Generalizations
19. Summing Up: How Are Data Analyzed and Evaluated?
20. Measuring Up
21. Conclusion
22. Test Preparation
23.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
24. Psychology and Society
Chapter 3 Biological Foundations
1. What Is the Genetic Basis of Psychological Science?
2.
1. Heredity Involves Passing Along Genes through Reproduction
2. Genotypic Variation Is Created by Sexual Reproduction
3. On Ethics: Prenatal Genetic Testing
4.
1. Genes Affect Behavior
2. Social and Environmental Contexts Influence Genetic Expression
3. Genetic Expression Can Be Modified
4. Critical Thinking Skill: Seeking Disconfirming Evidence
5. Summing Up: What Is the Genetic Basis of Psychological Science?
6. Measuring Up
7. How Does the Nervous System Operate?
8.
1. Neurons Are Specialized for Communication
2. Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication
3. Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors across the Synapse
4. Neurotransmitters Influence Mind and Behavior
9. Summing Up: How Does the Nervous System Operate?
10. Measuring Up
11. What Are the Basic Brain Structures and Their Functions?
12.
1. The Brainstem Houses the Basic Programs of Survival
2. The Cerebellum Is Essential for Movement
3. Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Basic Drives
4. The Cerebral Cortex Underlies Complex Mental Activity
13. Summing Up: What Are the Basic Brain Structures and Their Functions?
14. Measuring Up
15. How Are Neural Messages Integrated into Communication Systems?
16.
1. The Peripheral Nervous System Includes the Somatic and Autonomic Systems
2. The Endocrine System Communicates through Hormones
3. Actions of the Nervous System and Endocrine System Are Coordinated
17. Summing Up: How Are Neural Messages Integrated into Communication Systems?
18. Measuring Up
19. How Does the Brain Change?
20.
1. The Interplay of Genes and Environment Wires the Brain
2. Culture Affects the Brain
3. The Brain Rewires Itself throughout Life
21. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing Unstated Assumptions
22.
1. Females’ and Males’ Brains Are Similar and Different
2. The Brain Can Recover from Injury
23. Summing Up: How Does the Brain Change?
24. Measuring Up
25. Conclusion
26. Test Preparation
27.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 4 The Mind and Consciousness
1. How Is the Conscious Mind Experienced?
2.
1. Consciousness Is a Subjective Experience
2. There Are Variations in Conscious Experience
3. Splitting the Brain Splits the Conscious Mind
4. Unconscious Processing Influences Behavior
5. Brain Activity Produces Consciousness
3. Summing Up: How Is the Conscious Mind Experienced?
4. Measuring Up
5. What Is Sleep?
6.
1. Sleep Is an Altered State of Consciousness
2. Sleep Is an Adaptive Behavior
3. Sleep and Wakefulness Are Regulated by Multiple Neural Mechanisms
4. People Dream while Sleeping
7. Summing Up: What Is Sleep?
8. Measuring Up
9. What Is Altered Consciousness?
10.
1. Hypnosis Is Induced through Suggestion
2. Meditation Produces Relaxation
3. People Can Lose Themselves in Activities
11. Summing Up: What Is Altered Consciousness?
12. Measuring Up
13. How Do Drugs Affect Consciousness?
14.
1. People Use—and Abuse—Many Psychoactive Drugs
15. Critical Thinking Skill: Providing Examples of Slippery Slope Thinking
16.
1. Alcohol Is the Most Widely Abused Drug
17. On Ethics: Alcohol Addiction Treatment for Prisoners
18. Critical Thinking Skill: Showing How Circular Reasoning Is a Misuse of
19. Operational Definitions
20.
1. Addiction Has Psychological and Physical Aspects
21. Summing Up: How Do Drugs Affect Consciousness?
22. Measuring Up
23. Conclusion
24. Test Preparation
25.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception
1. How Do We Sense Our Worlds?
2.
1. Stimuli Must Be Coded to Be Understood by the Brain
2. Psychophysics Relates Stimulus to Response
3. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing the Effects of Context on Judgments
4. Summing Up: How Do We Sense Our Worlds?
5. Measuring Up
6. What Are the Basic Sensory Processes?
7.
1. In Taste, Taste Buds Detect Chemicals
2. In Smell, the Nasal Cavity Gathers Odorants
3. In Touch, Sensors in the Skin Detect Pressure, Temperature, and Pain
4. In Hearing, the Ear Detects Sound Waves
8. On Ethics: The Cochlear Implant
9.
1. In Vision, the Eye Detects Light Waves
2. Humans and Animals Have Other Sensory Systems
3. The Evidence for Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is Weak or Nonexistent
10. Critical Thinking Skill: Understanding That Perception Can Be Deceiving
11. Summing Up: What Are the Basic Sensory Processes?
12. Measuring Up
13. What Are the Basic Perceptual Processes?
14.
1. Perception Occurs in the Brain
2. Object Perception Requires Construction
3. Depth Perception Is Important for Locating Objects
4. Culture Influences Perception
5. Size Perception Depends on Distance Perception
6. Motion Perception Has Internal and External Cues
7. Perceptual Constancies Are Based on Ratio Relationships
15. Summing Up: What Are the Basic Perceptual Processes?
16. Measuring Up
17. Conclusion
18. Test Preparation
19.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 6 Learning
1. How Did the Behavioral Study of Learning Develop?
2.
1. Behavioral Responses Are Conditioned
2. Phobias and Addictions Have Learned Components
3. Classical Conditioning Involves More Than Events Occurring at the Same Time
3. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing and Avoiding Inappropriate Association Effects in Reasoning
4. Summing Up: How Did the Behavioral Study of Learning Develop?
5. Measuring Up
6. How Does Operant Conditioning Differ from Classical Conditioning?
7.
1. Reinforcement Increases Behavior
2. Both Reinforcement and Punishment Can Be Positive or Negative
3. Operant Conditioning Is Influenced by Schedules of Reinforcement
4. Biology and Cognition Influence Operant Conditioning
5. The Value of Reinforcement Follows Economic Principles
8. Summing Up: How Does Operant Conditioning Differ from Classical Conditioning?
9. Measuring Up
10. How Does Watching Others Affect Learning?
11.
1. Learning Can Be Passed On through Cultural Transmission
2. Learning Can Occur through Observation
3. Animals and Humans Imitate Others
12. On Ethics: Media Violence and Behavior
13. Critical Thinking Skill: Avoiding the Association of Events with Other Events That Occur at the Same Time
14. Summing Up: How Does Watching Others Affect Learning?
15. Measuring Up
16. What Is the Biological Basis of Learning?
17.
1. Dopamine Activity Underlies Reinforcement
2. Habituation and Sensitization Are Simple Models of Learning
3. Long-Term Potentiation Is a Candidate for the Neural Basis of Learning
18. Summing Up: What Is the Biological Basis of Learning?
19. Measuring Up
20. Conclusion
21. Test Preparation
22.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Test Preparation
Chapter 7 Attention and Memory
1. How Does Attention Determine What Is Remembered?
2.
1. Visual Attention Is Selective and Serial
2. Auditory Attention Allows Selective Listening
3. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing When “Change Blindness Blindness” May Be Occurring
4.
1. Selective Attention Can Operate at Multiple Stages of Processing
5. Summing Up: How Does Attention Determine What Is Remembered?
6. Measuring Up
7. What Are the Basic Stages of Memory?
8.
1. Sensory Memory Is Brief
2. Working Memory Is Active
3. Long-Term Memory Is Relatively Permanent
9. Summing Up: What Are the Basic Stages of Memory?
10. Measuring Up
11. What Are the Different Long-Term Memory Systems?
12.
1. Explicit Memory Involves Conscious Effort
2. Implicit Memory Occurs without Deliberate Effort
3. Prospective Memory Is Remembering to Do Something
13. Summing Up: What Are the Different Long-Term Memory Systems?
14. Measuring Up
15. How Is Information Organized in Long-Term Memory?
16.
1. Long-Term Storage Is Based on Meaning
2. Schemas Provide an Organizational Framework
3. Information Is Stored in Association Networks
4. Retrieval Cues Provide Access to Long-Term Storage
17. Summing Up: How Is Information Organized in Long-Term Memory?
18. Measuring Up
19. What Brain Processes Are Involved in Memory?
20.
1. There Has Been Intensive Effort to Identify Memory’s Physical Location
2. The Medial Temporal Lobes Are Important for Consolidation of
3. Declarative Memories
4. The Frontal Lobes Are Involved in Many Aspects of Memory
5. Neurochemistry Influences Memory
21. Summing Up: What Brain Processes Are Involved in Memory?
22. Measuring Up
23. When Do People Forget?
24. On Ethics: Altering Memory
25.
1. Transience Is Caused by Interference
2. Blocking Is Temporary
3. Absentmindedness Results from Shallow Encoding
4. Amnesia Is a Deficit in Long-Term Memory
26. Summing Up: When Do People Forget?
27. Measuring Up
28. How Are Memories Distorted?
29.
1. Flashbulb Memories Can Be Wrong
2. People Make Source Misattributions
3. People Are Bad Eyewitnesses
30. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing How the Fallibility of Human Memory Can Lead to Faulty Conclusions
31.
1. People Have False Memories
2. Repressed Memories Are Controversial
3. People Reconstruct Events to Be Consistent
4. Neuroscience May Make It Possible to Distinguish between “True” and “False” Memories
32. Summing Up: How Are Memories Distorted?
33. Measuring Up
34. How Can We Improve Learning and Memory?
35.
1. Mnemonics Are Useful Strategies for Learning
36. Summing Up: How Can We Improve Learning and Memory?
37. Conclusion
38. Test Preparation
39.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 8 Thinking and Intelligence
1. How Does the Mind Represent Information?
2.
1. Mental Images Are Analogical Representations
2. Concepts Are Symbolic Representations
3. Schemas Organize Useful Information about Environments
3. Summing Up: How Does the Mind Represent Information?
4. Measuring Up
5. How Do We Make Decisions and Solve Problems?
6.
1. People Use Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
2. Decision Making Often Involves Heuristics
7. Critical Thinking Skill: Understanding How the Availability and Representativeness Heuristics Can Affect Thinking
8.
1. Problem Solving Achieves Goals
9. Summing Up: How Do We Make Decisions and Solve Problems?
10. Measuring Up
11. How Do We Understand Intelligence?
12.
1. Intelligence Is Assessed with Psychometric Tests
13. On Ethics: Cognition Enhancing Drugs
14. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing and Avoiding Reification
15.
1. General Intelligence Involves Multiple Components
2. Intelligence Is Associated with Cognitive Performance
3. Genes and Environment Influence Intelligence
4. Group Differences in Intelligence Have Multiple Determinants
16. Summing Up: How Do We Understand Intelligence?
17. Measuring Up
18. Conclusion
19. Test Preparation
20.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 9 Motivation and Emotion
1. How Does Motivation Activate, Direct, and Sustain Behavior?
2.
1. Multiple Factors Motivate Behavior
2. Some Behaviors Are Motivated for Their Own Sake
3. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing When Psychological Reactance May Be
4. Influencing Your Thinking
5.
1. People Set Goals to Achieve
2. People Have a Need to Belong
6. Summing Up: How Does Motivation Activate, Direct, and Sustain Behavior?
7. Measuring Up
8. What Determines How We Eat?
9.
1. Time and Taste Play Roles
2. Culture Determines What We Eat
3. Multiple Neural Processes Control Eating
10. What Factors Motivate Sexual Behavior?
11.
1. Biological Factors Influence Sexual Behavior
2. Cultural Scripts and Cultural Rules Shape Sexual Interactions
3. Mating Strategies Differ between the Sexes
4. People Differ in Sexual Orientation
12. How Are Emotions Adaptive?
13.
1. Facial Expressions Communicate Emotion
2. Emotions Serve Cognitive Functions
14. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing and Correcting for Belief Persistence in
15. Your Own Thinking and in That of Others
16.
1. Emotions Strengthen Interpersonal Relations
17. On Ethics: Lie Detection Technology
18. Summing Up: How Are Emotions Adaptive?
19. Measuring Up
20. How Do People Experience Emotions?
21.
1. Emotions Have a Subjective Context
2. Emotions Have a Physiological Component
3. Emotions Have a Cognitive Component
4. People Regulate Their Moods
22. Summing Up: How Do People Experience Emotions?
23. Measuring Up
24. Conclusion
25. Test Preparation
26.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 10 Health and Well-Being
1. Can Psychosocial Factors Affect Health?
2.
1. The Biopsychosocial Model of Health Incorporates Multiple Perspectives for Understanding and Improving Health
3. Behavior Contributes to the Leading Causes of Death
4. Critical Thinking Skill: Identifying Regression to the Mean
5. Placebos Can Be Powerful Medicine
6. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing Placebo Effects When Evaluating Treatment Claims
7. Summing Up: Can Psychosocial Factors Affect Health?
8. Measuring Up
9. How Do People Cope with Stress?
10.
1. Stress Has Physiological Components
2. There Are Sex Differences in Responses to Stressors
3. The General Adaptation Syndrome Is a Bodily Response to Stress
4. Stress Affects Health
5. Coping Is a Process
11. Summing Up: How Do People Cope with Stress?
12. Measuring Up
13. What Behaviors Affect Mental and Physical Health?
14.
1. Obesity Results from a Genetic Predisposition and Overeating
15. On Ethics: Obesity and Public Policy
16.
1. Smoking Is a Leading Cause of Death
2. Exercise Has Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Benefits
3. There Are Ethnic Differences in Health Behaviors
17. Summing Up: What Behaviors Affect Mental and Physical Health?
18. Measuring Up
19. Can a Positive Attitude Keep Us Healthy?
20.
1. Being Positive Has Health Benefits
2. Social Support and Social Integration Are Associated with Good Health
3. Trust and Health Are Related across Cultures
4. Spirituality Contributes to Well-Being
21. Summing Up: Can a Positive Attitude Keep Us Healthy?
22. Measuring Up
23. Action Plan for Health and Well-Being
24.
1. Taking Care of Mind and Body
Chapter 11 Human Development
1. What Shapes a Child?
2.
1. Development Starts in the Womb
3. On Ethics: Alcohol and Drug Use during Pregnancy
4.
1. Brain Development Promotes Learning
2. Attachment Promotes Survival
5. Critical Thinking Skill: Understanding that “Some” Does Not Mean “All”
6. Summing Up: What Shapes a Child?
7. Measuring Up
8. How Do Children Learn about Their Worlds?
9.
1. Perception Introduces the World
2. Memory Improves over Childhood
3. Piaget Emphasized Stages of Development
4. Infants Have Early Knowledge about the World
5. Humans Learn from Interacting with Others
6. Language Develops in an Orderly Fashion
10. Summing Up: How Do Children Learn about Their Worlds?
11. Measuring Up
12. How Do Children and Adolescents Develop Their Identities?
13.
1. Social Systems Influence Development
2. Friends Influence Identity and Behavior
3. Parental Style Can Affect Children’s Well-Being
4. Divorce Is Difficult for Children
14. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing and Avoiding Either/Or Thinking
15.
1. Gender Identity Is Determined by Biology and Cultural Norms
2. People Define Themselves in Terms of Race and Ethnicity
16. Summing Up: How Do Children and Adolescents Develop Their Identities?
17. Measuring Up
18. What Brings Meaning to Adulthood?
19.
1. Adults Are Affected by Life Transitions
2. Aging Can Be Successful
3. Cognition Changes during Aging
20. Summing Up: What Brings Meaning to Adulthood?
21. Measuring Up
22. Conclusion
23. Test Preparation
24.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 12 Social Psychology
1. How Do Attitudes Guide Behavior?
2.
1. We Form Attitudes through Socialization and Experience
2. Behaviors Are Consistent with Strong Attitudes
3. Discrepancies Lead to Dissonance
4. Attitudes Can Be Changed through Persuasion
3. Critical Thinking Skill: Making Sound Arguments
4. Summing Up: How Do Attitudes Guide Behavior?
5. Measuring Up
6. How Do We Form Our Impressions of Others?
7.
1. Nonverbal Actions and Expressions Affect Our Impressions
2. We Make Attributions about Others
8. Critical Thinking Skill: Identifying and Avoiding the Fundamental Attribution Error
9.
1. Stereotypes Are Based on Automatic Categorization
2. Stereotypes Can Lead to Prejudice
10. On Ethics: Psychological Testing for Prejudice
11.
1. Cooperation Can Reduce Prejudice
12. Summing Up: How Do We Form Our Impressions of Others?
13. Measuring Up
14. How Do Others Influence Us?
15.
1. Groups Influence Individual Behavior
2. We Conform to Social Norms
3. We Are Compliant
4. We Are Obedient to Authority
16. Summing Up: How Do Others Influence Us?
17. Measuring Up
18. When Do We Harm or Help Others?
19.
1. Aggression Can Be Adaptive
2. Aggression Has Social and Cultural Aspects
3. Many Factors May Influence Helping Behavior
4. Some Situations Lead to Bystander Apathy
20. Summing Up: When Do We Harm or Help Others?
21. Measuring Up
22. What Determines the Quality of Relationships?
23.
1. Situational and Personal Factors Influence Friendships
2. Love Is an Important Component of Romantic Relationships
3. Making Love Last Is Difficult
24. Summing Up: What Determines the Quality of Relationships?
25. Measuring Up
26. Conclusion
27. Test Preparation
28.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Test Practice
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 13 Personality
1. How Have Psychologists Studied Personality?
2.
1. Psychodynamic Theories Emphasize Unconscious and Dynamic Processes
2. Humanistic Approaches Emphasize Integrated Personal Experience
3. Type and Trait Approaches Describe Behavioral Dispositions
4. Personality Reflects Learning and Cognition
3. Summing Up: How Have Psychologists Studied Personality?
4. Measuring Up
5. How Is Personality Assessed, and What Does It Predict?
6.
1. Personality Refers to Both Unique and Common Characteristics
2. Researchers Use Objective and Projective Methods to Assess Personality
3. Observers Show Accuracy in Trait Judgments
4. People Sometimes Are Inconsistent
5. Behavior Is Influenced by the Interaction of Personality and Situations
6. There Are Cultural and Gender Differences in Personality
7. Summing Up: How Is Personality Assessed, and What Does It Predict?
8. Measuring Up
9. On Ethics: Changing Your Personality with Drugs
10. What Are the Biological Bases of Personality?
11.
1. Animals Have Personalities
2. Personality Is Rooted in Genetics
3. Temperaments Are Evident in Infancy
4. Personality Is Linked to Specific Neurophysiological Mechanisms
5. Personality Is Adaptive
12. Critical Thinking Skill: Avoiding Single-Cause Explanations
13.
1. Personality Traits Are Stable over Time
14. Summing Up: What Are the Biological Bases of Personality?
15. Measuring Up
16. How Do We Know Our Own Personalities?
17.
1. Our Self-Concepts Consist of Self-Knowledge
2. Perceived Social Regard Influences Self-Esteem
18. Critical Thinking Skill: Resisting Appeals to Snobbery
19.
1. We Use Mental Strategies to Maintain Our Views of Self
2. There Are Cultural Differences in the Self
20. Summing Up: How Do We Know Our Own Personalities?
21. Measuring Up
22. Conclusion
23. Test Preparation
24.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 14 Disorders of the Mind and Body
1. How Are Mental Disorders Conceptualized and Classified?
2.
1. Mental Disorders Are Classified into Categories
2. Mental Disorders Must Be Assessed
3. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing When Categories Represent Continuous Dimensions
4.
1. Dissociative Identity Disorder Is a Controversial Diagnosis
2. Mental Disorders Have Many Causes
5. Summing Up: How Are Mental Disorders Conceptualized and Classified?
6. Measuring Up
7. Can Anxiety Be the Root of Seemingly Different Disorders?
8.
1. There Are Different Types of Anxiety Disorders
2. Anxiety Disorders Have Cognitive, Situational, and Biological Components
9. Summing Up: Can Anxiety Be the Root of Seemingly Different Disorders?
10. Measuring Up
11. Are Mood Disorders Extreme Manifestations of Normal Moods?
12.
1. There Are Different Types of Mood Disorders
2. Mood Disorders Have Cognitive, Situational, and Biological Components
13. Summing Up: Are Mood Disorders Extreme Manifestations of Normal Moods?
14. Measuring Up
15. What Is Schizophrenia?
16.
1. Schizophrenia Has Positive and Negative Symptoms
2. Schizophrenia Is Primarily a Brain Disorder
3. Environmental Factors Influence Schizophrenia
17. Summing Up: What Is Schizophrenia?
18. Measuring Up
19. Are Personality Disorders Truly Mental Disorders?
20.
1. Personality Disorders Are Maladaptive Ways of Relating to the World
2. Borderline Personality Disorder Is Associated with Poor Self-Control
3. Antisocial Personality Disorder Is Associated with a Lack of Empathy
21. On Ethics: Psychopathy and Crime in Youths
22. Summing Up: Are Personality Disorders Truly Mental Disorders
23. Measuring Up
24. Should Childhood Disorders Be Considered a Unique Category?
25.
1. Autism Is a Lack of Awareness of Others
26. Critical Thinking Skill: Recognizing and Resisting Hindsight Bias
27.
1. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is a Disruptive Impulse Control Disorder
28. Summing Up: Should Childhood Disorders Be Considered a Unique Category?
29. Measuring Up
30. Conclusion
31. Test Preparation
32.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Chapter 15 Treating Disorders of the Mind and Body
1. How Are Mental Disorders Treated?
2.
1. Psychotherapy Is Based on Psychological Principles
2. Culture Can Affect the Therapeutic Process
3. Medication Is Effective for Certain Disorders
4. Alternative Biological Treatments Are Used in Extreme Cases
5. Pseudotherapies Can Be Dangerous
3. Summing Up: How Are Mental Disorders Treated?
4. Measuring Up
5. What Are the Most Effective Treatments?
6.
1. Treatments That Focus on Behavior and on Cognition Are Superior for
2. Anxiety Disorders
3. Many Effective Treatments Are Available for Depression
4. Lithium Is Most Effective for Bipolar Disorder
5. Pharmacological Treatments Are Superior for Schizophrenia
7. On Ethics: Involuntary Treatment for Mental Disorders
8.
1. There Are Important Considerations in Selecting a Psychotherapist
9. Critical Thinking Skill: Avoiding the Sunk Costs Fallacy
10. Summing Up: What Are the Most Effective Treatments?
11. Measuring Up
12. Can Personality Disorders Be Treated?
13.
1. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Is Most Successful for Borderline Personality Disorder
2. Antisocial Personality Disorder Is Difficult to Treat
14. Summing Up: Can Personality Disorders Be Treated?
15. Measuring Up
16. How Should Childhood and Adolescent Disorders Be Treated?
17.
1. The Use of Medication to Treat Adolescent Depression Is Controversial
2. Children with ADHD Can Benefit from Various Approaches
18. Critical Thinking Skill: Evaluating Alternatives in Decision Making
19. Autistic Children Benefit from a Structured Treatment Approach
20. Summing Up: How Should Childhood and Adolescent Disorders Be Treated?
21. Measuring Up
22. Conclusion
23. Test Preparation
24.
1. Chapter Summary
2. Key Terms
3. Practice Test
4. Psychology and Society
Glossary
References
Answers to Measuring Up Exercises and to Practice Tests
Permissions Acknowledgments
Name Index
Subject Index