Aldosterone

Adrenal glands contain cells which produce hormones cortisol, aldosterone (salt retaining hormone) and androgen. Adrenal glands also form small amounts of sex hormones such as testosterone and oestrogen. The amount of cortisol made is controlled by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), made by the pituitary gland. Cortisol

system that evaluates and controls the variations in blood pressure. Renin is a protein, which is released in the kidneys by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Angiotensin is produced by renin; this triggers the kidneys to produce a hormone called aldosterone. Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of water and sodium, increasing the retention of water and blood pressure. The RAAS kicks in when the blood pressure starts to fall, or there’s a low blood volume or a low concentration of sodium in the kidney

The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system controls blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system causes increased sodium retention by the kidneys, which leads to reduced water loss into the urine and therefore blood volume expansion. If the RAAS is abnormally active, blood pressure

muscles, respiratory depression, flattening T waves, ST depression, and constipation. (Moran, 2017). The kidneys play an extremely important role in maintenance of potassium. They are responsible for excretion, via feces and sweat. Due to the renin-aldosterone system controlled

Changes either from genes, behavioral, or the environment which disrupt the normal functions of the body may cause a rise in blood pressure. Other factors that increase blood pressure are kidney fluid and salt balances, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system activity, and blood vessel structure and function (Bolivar, 2013). Since blood pressure homeostasis is accomplished by multifactorial mechanisms if there is a change in one of these mechanisms another attempts

EXERCISE 9:  RENAL SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGYHere is 9 got 95% Still need help on final 132 | ACTIVITY 1:  The Effect of Arteriole Radius on Glomerular Filtration   Answers 1.   According to your lab manual, in humans the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ranges from _____ to _____ ml/minute.   80 140 2.   When the radii of both the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole were set at 0.45mm, the GFR was approximately ______ ml/minute. a.   40 b.   60           c.   80 d.   120   C. 3.   True or

The Urinary System is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. The substances are filtered out from the body in the form of urine. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. Urine is used to extract excess minerals or vitamins as well as blood corpuscles from the body. The Urinary organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The Urinary system works with

release renin. Renin is crucial in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as it acts upon angiotensin, allowing it to be cleaved by proteolytic enzymes forming angiotensin I. This is further cleaved by an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to form angiotensin II. This substance stimulates thirst centres in the brain as well as stimulates the pituitary and adrenal glands to release AVP and another hormone called aldosterone [9]. Aldosterone is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker which can be used alone or in conjunction with other medications for treatment of angina and hypertension. It decreases the contractility of the arterial smooth muscle as well as the subsequent vasoconstriction through inhibition of calcium ions influx through the L-type calcium channels. As a result, the coronary and systemic arteries become dilated and the delivery of oxygen to the myocardial tissue is increased. Furthermore, the total peripheral resistance

HYPERTENSION Summer 2015 Bhavneet K. Singh High blood pressure Definition: The heart is supplies the organs and tissues of the body with blood and nutrients it carries. It pumps blood into the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The blood that is pumped into these vessels puts pressure on the walls of the vessels. When the heart muscle contracts during each beat, the pressure rises as well. Blood pressure may be different at different times of the day. It is usually higher when someone