Angiography

Studies Celeste A. Santos Midwestern State University Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Sciences Program RADS 4773 04/04/2017 Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are currently diagnosed and treatment plan is formulated by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (Machet, Portefaix, Kadziolka, Robin, Lanoix & Pierot, 2012). There are some drawbacks to DSA, amongst them is the cost, patient discomfort, contrast injection and radiation exposure (Dautry, Edjlali, Roca, Rabrait, Wu, Johnson, Wieben, Trystram

vasculature nature of the human body. Examples of contrast agents commonly used are barium, Iodine 300 or 370, Gastrografin, or Gadolinium. The study of the blood or lymph vessels in the body after an injection of a radiopaque contrast agent is called Angiography.1 Obtaining the images for a patient with obstructed coronary vessels is called and coronary angiogram. When a patient is given a contrast agent for a coronary angiogram, it can cause some significant health risks that can be unforeseen. Many complications

affectation of lower extremities are primarily assessed with an ankle-brachial index and segmental pressure measurements (Pollak, Norton, & Kramer, 2012). Classification of PAD can be accomplished with noninvasive angiography utilizing computed tomography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), as well as with duplex ultrasonography (US) depending on patient’s specific needs and limitations (Pollak, Norton, & Kramer). In my further

CAAs finding has significantly increased after coronary angiography diffusion since previous studies were conducted only postmortem [2, 29]. The technological improvements of computed tomography have declared it as a powerful tool for coronary diseases detection such as CAAs. An appropriate imaging assessment should provide a correct identification of aneurysms, in particular number, location, shape, size, intraluminal thrombi, occlusions and associated stenoses [17]. Kanamaru and colleagues [22]

When compared with conventional angiography, the acquisition time and examination cost of CT angiography is significantly lower. Given also short processing time and the need for only a peripheral intravenous access ,easly obtain these studies on as required, even in emergencies basis. While the cost of traditional angiography includes the study itself, and it`s time, reading of the study, and the hospital stay higher ( N.B. following a conventional angiogram patients need 6 hours of bed rest) (Dublin

the surgeon usually asks another staff member to help him to interact with the display (e.g. zoom in/out images). This way of interaction might lead to some latency between doctor decisions and actions to be performed by the other member. Hepatic angiography is a study of an X-ray of the blood vessels that supply the liver. The procedure uses a thin and flexible catheter that is placed into a blood vessel through a small cut. A trained doctor called an Interventional radiologist usually performs the

Interventional- Coronary Angiography with multi slice computed tomography Conventional X-ray coronary angiography is a method for the assessment of coronary Vessel disease. It is an invasive and high risky procedure including a small risk of coro nary events such as arrhythmia, stroke, coronary artery dissection and death. Fur thermore, the coronary catheterisation procedure involves the risk of internal bleed ing,dissections,post procedural events during hospitalisation and discomfort to the patient

have upgraded over the years. Some devices would include: MRIs, X-rays, and ultrasounds. Open MRIs are a new addition to radiology. They are known to ease claustrophobia, and heavy weight people can use them instead of the traditional MRIs. "CT angiography is one of the greatest advances in

visualize or study the core elements of a plaque by penetrating the arteries for that purpose. 3.2.1 Intravascular Angiography Angiography has so far been the gold stan- dard for identifying coronary artery lesions [19]. It provides the practitioners with in- formation about the severity of luminal narrowing and hence, enables the diagno- sis of atherosclerotic disease. Angiography may show severe lesions, plaque disrup- tion, luminal thrombosis,

Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic tests carried out comprised of blood tests, an electrocardiogram (ECG), chest x-ray and a Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA). General blood tests were completed on Lucy including a troponin, d-dimer and coagulation screening. Troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream after injury to the cardiac muscles (Brown & Edwards, 2012). This test is completed to determine if there is any heart muscle damage but is not a definitive diagnoses as a raised