Left ventricular hypertrophy

The abnormalities that can be visualized in an MRI are dilation of the left ventricle (LV), wall thickening due to partial replacement of myocytes with fibrotic tissue and increase in end-diastolic volume. [7] Dilation of LV can be identified using CMR by assessing the ventricular volume and the systolic function. CMR can also characterize tissue which enables quantification of fibrotic tissue. This provides a measure of the

(HHR) and a normal heart rat (NHR). The HHR model showed no cardiac hypertrophy at maturity. Tissue from both HHR and NHR had been extracted. The cardiac weight index (CWI) was collected. The cardiomyocyte were then obtained via enzymatic procedure from both neonatal and adult NHR na HHR. Nuclei are then stained. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to search mRNA expression levels of ANP, BNP,MHC,p53, bax-1 and bcl-2 in ventricular tissues of HHR and NHR. Pl3K assay and western blot analysis were

cardiomyopathy is a disease that mainly affects the apex of the heart and does not cause any obstruction. [1] These abnormalities in the heart muscle can cause a wide variety of symptoms. As the heart becomes stiff it increases the pressure in the left ventricle which can push blood back into the lungs, causing shortness of breath in exercise. Chest pain can occur as there is not enough oxygen available to the cardiac muscle due to insufficient blood supply. Palpitations and lightheadedness, along

but the second stage of DCM is characterized by diastolic dysfunction (including: ventricular hypertrophy and stiffness, high end-diastolic pressure and volume) (Connelly et al. 2008;van et al. 2008) and cardiac inter-cellular matrix remodeling (including: an accumulation of insoluble type VI collagen and a deposition of fibrous tissue) (Khaidar et al. 1994;Spiro et al. 1993). Several mechanisms contribute to ventricular stiffness in diabetic heart mainly due to sustained hyperglycemia that promotes formation

Long-term hypertension can result in a variety of consequences. These consequences are the result of the heart having to adapt and work harder, i.e. against an increased afterload due to the increased systolic pressure. The heart adapts via hypertrophy of the smooth muscle. Chronic hypertension can also lead to a disruption of the endothelium, thus increasing the

student was found dead. The student was in great health and ran up to 5 miles each day. An autopsy revealed that the young athlete had hypertrophy of the left ventricle due to the left coronary artery being encased between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. This anomaly, the number one cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, had reduced the blood flow to the left ventricle and caused the student to go into sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac death is defined as a natural death resulting from

he developed hypotension, BP of 70/40, cardiac rate of 100 beats per minute, rales all over lung fields, respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute. Pertinent physical examination showed patient was dyspneic, distented neck vein. Patient was on left ventricular failure with pulmonary congestion. Questions 1. What is the Frank starling law of the heart? The Frank–Starling law of the heart (also known as Starling's law or the Frank–Starling mechanism or Maestrini heart's law) states that the

elderly people with age of 65 or older. Also, it is mainly diagnosed in women than men (Huether and McCance 2012). The major causes of diastolic heart failure are hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia-induced ventricular transformation (coronary artery disease). Hypertrophy and ischemia cause a decreased ability of the myocytes to actively pump calcium from the cytosol, resulting in impaired relaxation. Some of the other causes are aortic valvular disease and cardiomyopathies

Pathology Essay When a person dies in New Zealand and their doctor is satisfied of the cause of death then he or she is able to certify the death. However, if the doctor cannot determine the cause of death or if it occurred under sudden or suspicious circumstances then it is reported to the Coroner who will investigate. A Coroner is a qualified lawyer who investigates the causes of sudden, unexplained or suspicious deaths that are reported by the police or doctor who examined the body. There

children are diverse and extensive. It can be divided into subgroups: congenital heart disease and structurally normal heart (Hsu & Pearson 2009a). Congenital heart disease includes volume overload (e.g. left to right shunts and atriventricular and semilunar valve regurgitation), pressure overload (e.g. left or right sided obstructive lesions) and complex cardiac malformations (e.g. single ventricle physiology and systemic right ventricle). Structurally normal heart includes primary cardiomyopathies (dilated