Monolayer

the cellular membrane (Zhang et al., 2010). The integrity of the tight junction proteins in vitro can be observed by utilizing the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). The electrical resistance determines the confluence of the epithelial monolayer. Properly functioning tight junctions are characterized by high TER (Lu el at., 2013). The bacterial effect on tight junction should be addressed because it emphasizes the importance of the communication between bacteria and the intestinal epithelial

insights of new quantum physics that continue to amaze the public. Forms of graphene Graphene can exist in many forms such as bilayers, nanostripes, graphite oxides, ligand complex, fibre or 3D. ( figure 1) Generally speaking, graphene exists as a flat monolayer of the carbon atom that tightly packed together which form a two-dimensional honeycomb lattices. The thin layer honeycomb shaped graphene can be wrapped up or rolled up into 1D nanotubes or stacked into 3D graphite. ( Geim & Novoselov 2012).A different

graphite to a compound known as graphene oxide. This process made the thickness of the substance decrease significantly as the 3-D graphite layers are converted to 2-D layer of graphene oxide. Subsequently, they would reduce graphene oxide to a monolayer graphene. The process of reduction of graphene oxide was intended to remove the oxygen atoms from the molecule. Specifically, the reducing process are focused on groups of molecules from -COH (hydroxyl) or -COOH (carboxyl) (Li & Chopra, 2015). By

Training Grant Application Research Statement Eduardo Vega-Lozada The Biophysics Training Grant will provide a tremendous opportunity for me to expand my knowledge in biophysics both in the classroom and through experimental research. The coursework will provide essential exposure to molecular biology, physical biology, and biophysics coursework that was absent from my undergraduate degree in physics. Here I will outline my research targets for the training grant period as well as how the program

Graphene is a recently isolated allotrope of carbon, consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged into an inter-connected benzene-ring structure (Figure 1).1 Resembling a hexagonal honeycomb lattice or a chain-link fence in structure, graphene is only one atom thick and is thus considered a two-dimensional material.1 It is currently touted as the thinnest, strongest, lightest, most flexible and best conducting material known to science.2 Although some of this is based on theoretical data

As mentioned before, in tissue regeneration is of crucial importance the use of a 3D supportive structure because when cells are seeded into these scaffolds enables the proliferation of cells and chondrogenic differentiation; and with it the three-dimensional tissue formation. Scaffolds must be able to withstand physiological loading until sufficient tissue regeneration occurs. Moreover, the material must be sufficiently porous to allow for effective transport of nutrients. Finally, it should be

backscatter Ratherford definition It consists in measuring the number and energy of ions in a beam backscatter after collision with the near surface of a sample , wherein the beam was targeted region atoms . history Rutherford backscattering (RBS ) is based on collisions between atomic nuclei and is named after Lord Ernest Rutherford, who in 1911 was the first to introduce the concept of atoms whose nuclei . theory When a sample is bombarded by a beam of high energy particles , the majority of

was fitted into the following isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Raduskevich. 2.4.1.1 Langmuir isotherm. Langmuir model is the simplest theoretical model for monolayer adsorption onto a surface with finite number of identical sites [28]. The general Langmuir equation is as follows:

FIC AIMS Background and problem to be addressed: According to the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeon’s (AAOS), chondrosarcomas are the second leading cause of bone cancers, as well as the most difficult to treat (1). Currently, the only effective treatment includes chemotherapy and wide surgical resection of the bone and cartilaginous tissue surrounding the tumor, which is incredibly invasive and painful for the patient (2). Depending on the location of the tumor, however, surgical resection

precipitate out of the grain boundaries, resulting in greater thickness of graphene at the edges of a layer. However, extremely high quality uniform monolayers of graphene have been deposited using polycrystalline copper foils, on diameters of up to 76 cm2,10. Raman analysis shows that copper foils treated at atmospheric pressure, show up to 95% monolayer coverage, with 5% bi-layer or tri-layer graphene10. These values are not related to the growth time or the rate of heating and cooling. In addition