Surface epithelial-stromal tumor

INTRODUCTION: Salivary gland tumors are a morphologically diverse group of neoplasms, which may present considerable diagnostic and management challenges for the pathologist and surgeon. Salivary gland tumors are rare with an overall incidence in the western world of about 2.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 per year. About 80% of all lesions are benign; hence salivary malignancies are particularly rare, comprising less than 0.5% of all malignancies and about 5% of cancers in the head and neck. (1) Most

thyroid carcinoma (MTC), mostly acquired as a part of familial syndromes, display only modest cure rates. While surgical resection followed by radioiodine therapy remains the treatment of choice for localized thyroid cancer, it fails to eradicate tumors with aggressive behavior. In marked contrast to DTC, anaplastic carcinoma (ATC), an undifferentiated sub-type of thyroid cancer, has a higher propensity to locally invade nearby structures and metastasize rapidly. It approaches to almost 50% of all

cause of death with 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2012. Despite the progress made in cancer therapies, neoplastic diseases are still a major therapeutic challenge notably because of intra- and inter-malignant tumor heterogeneity and adaptation/escape of malignant cells to/from treatment. New targeted therapies need to be developed to improve our medical arsenal and counter-act cancer progression. Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are secreted serine

Diana Day The Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis of Asthma In this article Dr. Foaud explains the inflammatory response that occurs in the airways of asthma patients and how the different types of cells and respiratory epithelial interact in the process. Respiratory epithelium, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and leukocytes all play an critical part in not only the inflammatory response but also in the way that they may be utilized to inhibit the response to help treat

The most widely diagnosed malignancy in males is prostate cancer. Peripheral zone of the gland is the place where prostate cancers are generally found. It constitutes a dense arrangement of cancerous epithelial cells commonly in small form, penetrating glands with a symmetrical de-crease in stromal volume [2]. B. Lee et al. [3] used tissue bio-impedance to differentiate between the diseases because morphological differences between normal and malignant prostate tissue are present and sensitivity

tumour implants discontinuous with the primary tumour. All cancers can metastasize except those of glial cells in CNS (Gliomas), and basal cell carcinoma of the skin but they are locally invasive. Pathways of spread: i) Seeding of body cavities and surfaces: esp. carcinoma of ovaries and sometimes mucus-secreting appendiceal carcinoma fill the peritoneal cavity with a gelatinous neoplastic mass referred to as pseudomyxoma peritonei. ii) Lymphatic spread: is the most common pathway for the initial dissemination

chemotherapy drugs on the market today do not have the ability to target the cancer specifically; this leads to unwanted toxic effects to non-target organs. Monoclonal antibodies offer another approach to treating cancer by binding to the cancer surface receptors and offer cancer killing abilities without the cytotoxic

PRESENTATIONS OF GASTRIC GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOURS (GIST) Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. However, from another perspective, they are also considered to constitute the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. These tumours are believed to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, the pacemaker cell of the gastrointestinal tract 1. In the past, these mesenchymal tumors were classified as leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas

called tumor protein 53 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes p53 and acts as a control center for the cell to act on when stressed (Brachova). Human p53 is a nuclear phsophoprotein of molecular weight 53kDa located on chromosome 17 containing 11 exons and 10 introns (Ling). One of its primary roles is as a transcription factor and in its active state is a homotetramer comprised of four 393 amino acid residues (Joerger , The tumor suppressor p53). Another main role p53 plays is as a tumor suppressor

first initialted by the attachment to the host cell glucosaminoglycans, usually heparin sulphate and chondroiton sulphate, with viral glycoprotein C (gC). This bond results in at least five glycoprtoeins, gB, gC, gD, gH and gL, binding to other cell surface receptors, such as Herpesvirus entry mediator or nectin 1α or β (4). Fusion of the viral envelope follows, and the de-enveloped tegument capsid is transported to the nuclear pores via the microtubular network, where DNA is released into the nucleus