Chapter 9 Virtual Tutorial
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Chapter 9 Virtual Tutorial – This session is recorded
We will be assuming that the businesses that we are accounting for maintain their accounting records in Canadian dollars; therefore, we will need to convert any non-Canadian-dollar amounts (foreign currency amounts) to a Canadian-
dollar equivalent.
Foreign currency exchange risk – The risk that exchange rates will fluctuate and the final cash settlement amount will differ from the amount at the time the transaction was entered into
Account for foreign currency transactions and balances for both monetary and non-monetary items.
Explain hedging and the objectives of hedging
Account for foreign currency forward contracts using both the gross and net methods.
Question 1
Cameron Ltd. purchased inventory that cost £1,000. Translate to Canadian $
a)
Assume the following exchange rate:
b)
Assume the following exchange rate
Answer:
Question 2
Canadian Co. purchased inventory from a company in the United Kingdom (UK). The purchase order was dated April 1 and was for £1,000,000 of goods. The goods were delivered on May 8 with payment due in 45 days. Canadian Co. paid the amount owing on Jun 11.
What is the journal entry required?
Did the Cdn $
strengthen or
weaken April 1
£1 = $1.7382
Cdn.
No entry is required
Not applicable
May 8 sale
£1 = $1.7715 Cdn.
Dr Inventory $1,771,500
Cr AP $1,771,500
Not applicable
June 11
payment
£1 = $1.6851 Cdn.
Fx gain or loss?
It will cost Canadian Co. less to settle this payable than was previously recorded
The amount that Canadian Co. owes, in Canadian dollars, is different than the amount recorded on May 8. Dr AP $1,771,500
Cr Cash $1,685,100
Cr FX gain $86,400
Canadian dollar strengthened against the British pound
—it became cheaper to acquire the pounds needed
to pay the supplier.
(
Assuming that Canadian Co. does not hold pounds, it will need to purchase
them to make the payment).
Key takeaway:
Whether an entity recognizes a foreign exchange gain or a loss depends on whether the business has a foreign-currency-denominated asset or liability position and whether the change in exchange rates is a strengthening or weakening of the Canadian dollar relative to the foreign currency.
Hedging
Foreign currency exchange risk – The risk that exchange rates will fluctuate and the final cash settlement amount will differ from the amount at the time the transaction was entered into.
Hedge – A position that is taken to reduce or eliminate risk: It is an investment or contract that takes an offsetting
position to the adverse price movement of a specific risk
(
Involves taking a position that is opposite to the position at risk).
Currency forward contract – a contract with another party to purchase or sell foreign currency at a specified price at, or before, some date in the future
Forward contracts,
commonly referred to as forwards
, are a type of derivative instrument where two parties enter into a contractual arrangement to make an exchange of currency at a specified price on a specified date.
Forwards are financial instruments and, in accordance with IFRS 9, they must be
stated at fair value through profit and loss at each reporting date. A forward contract has two sides to it: the amount that has to be delivered to the third party (i.e., a broker), and the amount that will be received from the third party.
For the purposes of this course, we will assume that for all forward contracts, one side of the contract is Canadian dollars. Updating the contract to its fair
value requires that we remeasure the side of the contract that is stated in a foreign currency
. Situation 1: Canadian company has a future accounts payable denominated in a
foreign currency it need to pay its supplier.
Forward contract receivable: Due from broker
is the foreign currency needed to
settle the future accounts payable. The Due from broker is adjusted for any change in the forward contract rate at settlement date. Remeasuring, or revaluing, the foreign side of the contract will result in a foreign exchange gain or loss.
The other side of this forward contract will be to deliver Canadian dollars to the
broker (
Due to broker
). This is a fixed amount in Cdn $ at the set forward contract rate. This Canadian dollar side will not need to be updated in the accounts.
Situation 2: Canadian company has a future accounts receivable denominated in a foreign currency it will receive from its customer.
Forward contract payable: Due to broker
is the foreign currency received from the customer. The Due to broker is adjusted for any change in the forward contract rate at settlement date. Remeasuring, or revaluing, the foreign side of the contract will result in a foreign exchange gain or loss. The other side of this forward contract (Due from broker) is in Canadian $ and is a set amount. There are two methods that we can use to account for forward contracts: the gross method and the net method. Under the gross method, we record in one account the amount that is due from broker and in a separate account the amount that is due to broker.
With the net method, only one account is used and it reports the net position of the contract. We will call this account Forward Contract, and it may be either an asset or a liability account, depending on the overall position of the contract.
The forward contract needs to be revalued at each intervening reporting period and at the date of settlement. The foreign denominated side of the forward contract will be revalued
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