F 23 LE 7 Functional Anatomy
docx
School
Pasadena City College *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
001
Subject
Anatomy
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
6
Uploaded by JusticeHeatGoat16
LA #7 – Functional Anatomy
Introduction
Functional anatomy studies the relationship between bone form and function, and is the basis
for fossil interpretation.
In this lab you will apply what you’ve learned about the skeleton and
behavior to develop hypotheses and “make sense” of fossil materials.
Instructions
The lab is divided into several “stations,” each with a set of specimen images and corresponding
questions for you to answer.
Station 1 – Cranium
Use the images of the Cranium A and Cranium B crania provided below to answer questions 1 –
7.
Be sure to use the appropriate anatomical and directional terms in your responses.
Cranium A
Cranium B
1.
Compare the size and shape of the frontal bones for Specimen A and B.
Note any
differences you observe.
2.
For Specimen A, where is the widest portion of the cranium?
3.
For Specimen B, where is the widest portion of the cranium?
4.
Compare the overall shape of the occipital region for Specimens A and B and note any
differences you observe.
5.
Compare the facial skeleton and the braincase for Specimen A (think of the superior
border of the eye sockets as the “dividing line” between the two).
Which seems larger?
6.
Compare the facial skeleton and the braincase for Specimen B, which seems larger?
7.
Develop a behavioral hypothesis to explain at least one difference you noted between
specimen A and B.
Station 2 – Dentition
Use the images of Specimens C – E to complete #8.
Specimen C
Specimen D
Specimen E
8.
Identify Specimens C – E to Complete Table 1 using the appropriate scientific terms:
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Table 1
Specimen
Posterior Tooth
Type
Dietary Behavior
C
D
E
Station 3 – Appendicular Skeleton
Use the images of Specimens F – J to complete #9 - 11.
Be sure to use the appropriate scientific
terms in your responses.
Specimens F - J
9.
Briefly explain how to distinguish between an arboreally-adapted and a terrestrially-
adapted ulna.
Be sure to identify the specific landmark(s) you would evaluate, and their
anatomical location(s).
10. Briefly explain how to distinguish between an arboreally-adapted and a terrestrially-
adapted femur.
Be sure to identify the specific landmark(s) you would evaluate, and
their anatomical location(s).
11. Complete Table 2 to identify Specimens F – J, using the appropriate anatomical terms:
Table 2
Specim
en
Bone
Arboreally- or Terrestrially-
adapted
F
G
H
I
J
Station 4 – Fossil Interpretation
Use the Bone Assemblage provided below to answer #12 with the appropriate anatomical
terms.
Bone Assemblage 1
12. Your task is to create a skeletal inventory and behavioral profile for the primate
specimens in Bone Assemblage 1, which come from a single individual.
a.
Fill in Table 3 to complete your skeletal inventory for Bone Assemblage 1.
The
first row is done for you to provide an example.
Table 3
b.
Formulate a hypothesis to explain the dietary behaviors of this primate.
Be sure
to explain and support your hypothesis with relevant data from Table 3 (i.e.
bones and landmarks).
c.
Do you think this primate is arboreally- or terrestrially-adapted?
Be sure to
explain and support
your answer with relevant data from Table 3.
d.
Come up with one more behavioral hypothesis for this primate, and briefly
explain how you would test it with specimens from Bone Assemblage 1. Be sure
to identify the specific bones and landmarks you would use.
Image Attribution
Phil Myers on
animaldiversity.org
, licensed under
CC BY NC SA 3.0
University of Austin at Texas & John Kappelman on
eskeletons.org
; licensed under
CC BY
NC SA 2.0
Bone
Axial or
Appendicular
Observable landmarks
Mandible
Axial
posterior dentition; bunodont cusps
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help