Hist108_PPT10_StudyGuide

1. Multiple Choice : Who is known as the author of "De architectura," which forms the basis of much of what we know about Roman technology?  A) Marcus Vitruvius Pollio  B) Philo of Byzantium  C) Heron of Alexandria  D) Aristotle 2. Multiple Choice : What does the term "Belopoiika" refer to in ancient texts?  A) A section on architecture  B) A treatise on medicine  C) Discussions on philosophy  D) A section on artillery in Philo’s Mechanike syntaxis compendium 3. Multiple Choice : Which of the following is a key mechanical device related to the lever described by Heron of Alexandria?  A) The battery  B) The pulley along with wedge, screw, inclined plane, and wheel and axle  C) The steam engine  D) The electric motor 4. Multiple Choice : What limitation led to the development of torsion catapults, succeeding bow- catapults?  A) Dependence on the elasticity of the bow  B) Lack of durable materials  C) Insufficient knowledge of physics  D) The prohibitive cost of production 5. Multiple Choice : Catapult physics involves the use of stored energy to hurl a projectile. Which of the following is NOT a primary energy storage mechanism?  A) Tension  B) Torsion  C) Electricity  D) Gravity 6. Multiple Choice : What significant disadvantage did torsion catapults have?

 A) They were too lightweight  B) Their accuracy was too high  C) They were slow and cumbersome  D) They required minimal maintenance 7. Multiple Choice : The Counterweight Trebuchet, a revolutionary invention of the 13th century, primarily used which force?  A) Magnetic  B) Electric  C) Gravity + angular momentum  D) Nuclear 8. Multiple Choice : What was a major advantage of the trebuchet over earlier missile-throwers?  A) Less power  B) More complex design  C) Greater power and simpler design  D) Easier to transport 9. Multiple Choice : In terms of military technology, what does secrecy typically involve?  A) Open sharing of information  B) Publication of techniques  C) Keeping secrets and limiting information spread  D) Immediate publication of discoveries 10. Multiple Choice : Greek fire was a decisive invention brought to the Byzantines by whom?  A) Kallinikos  B) Aristotle  C) Alexander the Great  D) Julius Caesar 11. Multiple Choice : What unique characteristic did Greek fire possess?  A) It was frozen  B) It burned in water  C) It glowed in the dark

 C) Use of fire as a propellant  D) Complexity of construction 4. Multiple Choice : What revolutionary siege weapon used gravity and angular momentum to launch projectiles in the 13th century?  A) The Ballista  B) The Onager  C) The Trebuchet  D) The Mangonel 5. Multiple Choice : The Greek Fire, a significant Byzantine military secret, was capable of:  A) Freezing on contact with water  B) Burning in water  C) Exploding spontaneously  D) Emitting toxic gas 6. Multiple Choice : What was NOT a characteristic of Greek Fire as used by the Byzantines?  A) It was shot from tubes or siphons  B) It was a solid substance  C) It produced smoke and a loud discharge  D) It burned in water 7. Multiple Choice : The secret of Greek Fire was closely guarded for how many years according to legend?  A) 100 years  B) 300 years  C) 500 years  D) 700 years 8. Multiple Choice : What term describes science that is predicated on the early and complete publication of knowledge?  A) Papyrophobic  B) Papyrophilic  C) Cryptographic  D) Bibliophilic 9. Multiple Choice : Leonardo da Vinci protected his inventions through what unique method?  A) Encryption  B) Reverse writing  C) Invisible ink  D) Code language 10. Multiple Choice : The Manhattan Project utilized what method to keep the atomic bomb's science and technology secret?  A) Public disinformation  B) Compartmentalization  C) Encryption of all documents  D) Isolation of all scientists

11. Multiple Choice : How was the secret of the Greek Fire likely guarded within the Byzantine Empire?  A) By encoding the formula in religious texts  B) Through the compartmentalization of knowledge  C) By threatening all involved with severe punishment  D) Using a secret language only known to a select few 12. Multiple Choice : Which of the following is an example of lost technological know-how?  A) Greek Fire  B) Damascus Steel  C) The Antikythera mechanism  D) All of the above 13. Multiple Choice : The transition to the Middle Ages saw a shift in scientific understanding mainly due to:  A) The spread of Christianity and its influence on education  B) The rejection of Ptolemaic astronomy  C) Advances in military technology  D) A revival of ancient Greek philosophy 14. Multiple Choice : What event directly contributed to the West's loss of ancient scientific knowledge?  A) The Renaissance  B) Invasions by Barbarian tribes  C) The invention of the printing press  D) The establishment of the first European universities 15. Multiple Choice : Secrecy in military technology is crucial for maintaining:  A) Academic integrity  B) A competitive edge over adversaries  C) Trade secrets in the beverage industry  D) Historical accuracy in documentation