BIOL 1408-Lab Report 7-Photosynthesis

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Tarrant County College, South *

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1408

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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© 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 1 BioLab 3 Photosynthesis Lab Report Name, date, course and section required for password: 2024SP-BIOL-1408-72201 The lab report is unique each semester and checks have been put into place to ensure students are doing their own work. Copying from other students or from outside resources will result in a zero on the accompanying lab quiz. I. Plant Structure and Function 1. The production of organic compounds without light is called chemosynthesis. 2. Describe the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from light or chemical energy, such as plants and some bacteria. Heterotrophs, on the other hand, are organisms that need to consume other organisms for energy, like animals and fungi. 3. After glucose is produced by photosynthesis, how is it transported to the rest of the plant? After photosynthesis, glucose is transported from the leaves to other parts of the plant through the phloem, which is part of the plant's vascular system. This process is known as translocation. 4. In Lab Section I, Exercise 1, what is the name of the structure that controls the size of the stoma (letter “I”)? The structure labeled with the letter "I" is the guard cell, which functions to regulate the size of the stomata and the exchange of gases in the plant. II. Chloroplast 1. Based on Lab, Exercise 2, draw and label each part of the chloroplast. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawing and include it with this lab report. Please see last page for drawing. 2. What is the name of the structure labeled with the letter “C” in Exercise 2? The structure with letter C in exercise 2 is the Granum.

© 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 2 3. In which structure of the chloroplast is water split into hydrogen and oxygen? The process of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, also known as photolysis, occurs in the thylakoid compartment within the grana of the chloroplast. III. Photosynthetic Products 1. What are the reactants required for photosynthesis? The reactants required for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). 2. What happens to the glucose that is not metabolized immediately? When glucose is not immediately used for energy, it is converted into a complex carbohydrate called starch in plants and some microorganisms. In humans and animals, it is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles. 3. In the test for starch, what color was Tube 2 and what does this mean? Tube 2 is of blue-black color. It means it is positive for starch. 4. What happens when the leaf is boiled in alcohol? When a leaf is boiled in alcohol, the green pigment chlorophyll is removed from the leaf, causing it to lose its green color. IV. Light Absorption 1. What color of light is absorbed least by chlorophyll pigments? The color of light that is absorbed least by chlorophyll pigments is green. 2. In the video demonstration in Exercise 4, what happens to the light spectrum when a red filter is placed in front of the light source? When a red filter is placed in front of a light source, it absorbs all colors except for red. This means only the red part of the light spectrum remains visible, while the rest of the colors are absorbed by the filter and not visible. 3. What was the result of the experiment when spinach extract was placed between the light source and the spectroscope? The spectrum of light waves were absorbed by pigments in spinach extract. V. Photosynthetic Pigments 1. What process is used in Exercise 5 to separate the plant pigments? Paper Chromatography 2. Look at the chromatogram results in Exercise 5. What color is reflected by chlorophyll b? Yellow-Green

© 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 3 3. Which pigment reflected an orange color? Carotene- Orange Xanthophyll- Yellow Orange VI. Effect of Light and Temperature on Photosynthesis 1. According to Blackman’s first experiment does the increase in light intensity always increase the rate of photosynthesis? Explain. In Blackman's first experiment, it was found that increasing light intensity does increase the rate of photosynthesis, but only up to a certain point. Beyond this point, known as light saturation, further increases in light intensity do not increase the rate of photosynthesis. This is because the photosynthesis process becomes saturated and cannot use additional light energy. 2. How was his second experiment different? In the second experiment, he studied how light and temperature influence photosynthesis. He found that raising the temperature above 40 degrees Celsius reduced the rate of photosynthesis, regardless of light intensity. This suggests that photosynthesis has an optimal temperature range, and exceeding it can disrupt the process, likely due to enzyme denaturation. 3. Record the data from Exercise 6 below. 4. According to the table above, as distance decreased, what happened to the rate of photosynthesis? When the distance to the light source decreases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. Lamp Distance Temperature Avg Bubble/min 75 cm 25ºC 5 50 cm 30ºC 10 25 cm 35ºC 25

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