BIOL 2070H Lab 2
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Biology
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Feb 20, 2024
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1
Divine Orji
BIOL 2070 H W13
January 31, 2024.
Chaitali Shetty, Effects of Sodium Dodecyl sulphate (SDS) Detergent on the permeability of beetroot cell
membrane.
2
Abstract
I
n this experiment, we aimed to explore how different solutions and their concentrations affect cell membranes' properties. We used beetroot to assess and measure pigment release in four solution treatments: 0% SDS detergent, 1% SDS detergent, 3% SDS detergent, and 5% SDS detergent. The method involved soaking beetroot sections in each solution and observing pigment leaching over time. After an hour, we removed the beetroot samples and analyzed the solutions using a spectrophotometer to measure pigment absorption. Interestingly, the solutions containing 1% and 3% SDS detergent had the most significant impact on beetroot pigment release. In conclusion, our results support the idea that cell permeability is affected by varying concentrations of SDS detergent, although our initial predictions were not confirmed.
Introduction
The cell membrane is a lipid structure that encloses the cell and serves as a protective barrier that selectively allows entry of nutrients when needed, and facilitates the removal of waste (Alberts et al., 2014). The distinctive red colour of Beetroot cells is derived from the betalain pigments that are kept within their cells. Through the examination of these pigments release in the event of membrane compromise, we can get knowledge regarding the stability and functionality of membranes. Sodium docedyl Sulphate (SDS) is an anionic surfactant that possesses both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sulphate groups (Debbie, 2024). Its amphipathic nature allows it to form micelles and break hydrophobic interactions, denaturing proteins by protein binding to hydrophobic areas (Debbie, 2024). The hypothesis proposed that cell permeability will be affected by different concentrations of SDS detergent. If this is the case,
3
then more pigment will be released at larger concentrations of the SDS detergent. This is because SDS detergent breaks down the cell membranes, so higher concentrations should cause
it to break down and release its pigment quicker. To test the hypothesis, we conducted an experiment where beetroot chunks were immersed in different concentrations of SDS detergent. The levels pf pigment absorption and leaching were measured and observed. Methods
We received a beetroot and cut it into twelve pieces, each measuring about 10mm by 7mm by 7mm. For our experiment, we prepared three different solutions along with a control, each replicated three times. The control consisted of three test tubes filled with 5 ml of water. The remaining nine test tubes contained a mixture of water and SDS detergent. Specifically,
three tubes had a 5ml solution with 1% detergent, another three had 3% detergent, and the last three had 5% detergent. We achieved the desired concentrations by diluting the 5% detergent solution with the C1V1 = C2V2 calculation. After soaking the beetroot pieces in the solutions for an hour, they were removed, and the solutions were transferred to new tubes. We then measured the absorbance of the pigment in each solution using a Synergy HTX multi-mode plate reader). The optical density of each solution was determined by inserting the test tubes into the cuvette holder one by one for measurement.
Results
4
Water
1% SDS
3% SDS
5% SDS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Avg Absorbance of Leeching Pigment (abs) vs Concen tration of SDS Detergent with water (%)
Concentration of SDS Detergent with water (%)
Average Absorbance of Leeching Pigment (abs)
Figure 1:
The mean absorbance of beetroot pigment released per concentration of SDS detergent,
with a water treatment included, and error bars showing standard deviation.
Figure 1 reveals a clear trend in the data. As the concentration of SDS detergent rises, there is a decrease in pigment leaching. Notably, the average absorbance at 3% detergent concentration is lower than that at 1%. The most significant decrease in absorbance occurred with 5% SDS detergent and 0% (water), while the most notable increase was observed between 1% and 3% SDS detergent. The control treatment with water/0% SDS detergent had a mean absorbance of 0.0503 with a standard deviation of 0.0066. For the 1% SDS detergent treatment, the mean was 0.662 with a standard deviation of 0.5001, while the 3% SDS detergent treatment had a mean of 0.3646 and a standard deviation of 0.1625. The 5% SDS detergent treatment showed a mean absorbance of 0.197 with a standard deviation of 0.0719. The absorbance values for each test tube are provided in Appendix A. Additionally, Figure 1 suggests that solutions containing detergent have overlapping standard deviations. Qualitatively, during the initial thirty minutes, we observed pigment release, displaying a slight-red tint across all twelve test tubes. However, in
the last thirty minutes, the pigment appeared to spread further into the tube. We observed more
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Related Questions
Can you help with this question please
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Hello,
In the provided picture I am to select the FIVE compunds that would be the most stable in a CELL MEMBRANE.
I had selected A,B,C,D,and E and recieved 1.2 out of 2. Can you please help!!!
Thank you so Much
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Name Zona A
Fill in the following statement:
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from incentration to concentration
Osmosis
is the diffusion of water
BEAKER
C
P
-
.
The call
BEAKER #2
P
♥
●
Op
20% 148
C
20% sal
0
..
10% KA
0
10
6
C
Date Geplemor 28.23
CELL ENVIRONMENTS E
*
.
#
The solution inside the beaker is:
The solution inside the cell is
% water
% salt
How will the water move? Into the cell or out of the cell?
This is ain)
How will the movement of water affect the cell? YRAMBU
% salt
% water
The solution inside the beaker is:
% water
% salt
The solution inside the cell is:
% balt
solution.
How will the water move? Into the cel or out of the call
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Osmosis Practice Activity
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Only water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside
the cell and the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below
by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell.
1.
a. Water will flow
the cell, out of the cell, in both directions).
(into
5% NaCl
95% H20
95% NaCI
5% H20
b. The cell will
(shrink,
burst, stay the same).
a. Water will flow
(into the cell.
2.
5% NaCl
out of the cell, in both directions).
5% NaCl
95% H20
95% H20
b. The cell will
(shrink, burst,
stay the same).
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e
0
10% sall
0
10% sall
The cell
SUMMARY
Water molecules
The solution inside the besker is:
N salt
The solution inside the cell is:
water
16 water
How will the water move? Into the cell or out of the cell
How will the movement of water affect the cell?
This is ain).
2013
1. How do isotonic solutions affect cell size?
2. How do hypotonic solutions affect cell size?
3. How do hypertonic solutions affect cell size?
solution
4. Describe a negative thing that could happen to a cell if its environment was too hypertonic
5. Describe a negative thing that could happen to a cell if its environment was too fivpotenc
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100-
60
40-
20-
192
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72
96
240
100-
80-
60-
40-
20-
b-Oo
8
10
12
extracellular osmotic pressure, MPa
Figure 22.9 Penetration as a function of incubation time (A) and
extracellular osmotic pressure (B). Numbers 1 to 6 in both panels indicate the
substrate, with lower numbers being softer substrates.
Percent penetration goes down over time and as substrate hardness increases.
If penetration of a substrate occurs at a particular external pressure, this
indicates that internal pressure is high enough to allow penetration of the
particular substrate.
Harder substrates are more easily penetrated when extracellular osmotic
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 Explain how this relationship between the solution in the Elodea cells (from #1) caused what you observed in the Elodea cells placed in saline solution.
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b
pdf.01# 9 s
->
1 BIO( علوم حياتية عامة لطلبة الكليا
Which of the following processes includes all the others?
O a. Facilitated diffusion
O b. Passive transport
Oc Osmosis
O d. Diffusion
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2 ) 1 1 BIO( علوم حياتية عامة لطلبة الكل
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1) We measured weights before and after soaking a potato
in water of different salinities to demonstrate
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energy, communication, and waste removal for the cell. So
why dwell on osmosis? There are some practical bigger-
picture things to consider.
Choose one of the following scenarios. Describe the
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scenario. Describe the predicted outcomes for the
cells/organisms involved.
What happens when you dry brine a turkey
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●
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1 In the space below, draw three plants cells: one that is turgid, one that is flaccid, and one that is plasmolyzed. Indicate with arrows the direction of the net movement of water across the cell membrane. Feel free to draw these in a notebook, then uploading a photo below. It’s also ok if you use some program like Paint.
2 Underneath each cell you drew above, label whether the plant that cell represents was placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution.
3 Design and describe an experiment using celery stalks to demonstrate how certain conditions will cause a loss or gain of turgor pressure. In order to follow the scientific method, your description should start with an observation and be followed by:
a. a testable hypothesis,
b. an outline of the experiment that will test the hypothesis,
c. a description of the type of data that will be collected, and
d. a possible conclusion that could likely be made after completing the experiment and analyzing the data.
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TONICITY DRAGTHE WORDS INTO THE BLANK SPACES BELOW TO ACCURATELY
COMPLETE THE PARAGRAPH
decreases
Hypertonic
increases
key:
Hypotonic
solute particle •
cell membrane
cell wall
solute
in all solutions, the solvent is H20
solvent
A
В
Solution B is
to solution A. This is because solution B has a greater concentration of
in it than does solution A. Solution C has no solutes dissolved in it, therefore it is
to both
Solutions A and B. As the relative concentration of solutes in two solutions increases, of necessity the
relative concentration of water in the same two solutions
Solution A has a lower concentration
of
than does Solution C; Solution A is also hypertonic to Sol
tion C.
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منذ لحظات .4 محادثات من ۷ رسائل جديدة • تيليجرام
Studying
jügea Mohamad Samir
STUDYING le sl
تعليم كمقروءة
Because of the arrangement of the
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and solutes. What are the most likely
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Gap junctions
Tight junctions
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I.
On this table, show in diagram or illustration how cells behave in different
conditions
Hypotonic
Solution
2. Lysing
Hypertonic
solution
3.Shriveled
Type of cell
Isotonic
Solution
1. Normal cell
Animal cell
4. Flaccid
5. Turgid
|6. Plasmolyzed
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In a monolayer of cultured epithelial cells, the cells may or may not have formed tight junctions. What experimental test could be used to determine it the cells have functional tight junction
structures?
Place a small dye (1 k Da in molecular weight) into the culture media of cells cultured on a glass coverslip and use live imaging to monitor whether the dye can penetrate into the
O cytoplasm of the cells, as would be expected if the cells have functional tight junctions.
Inject a cell with a small dye (<1 kDa in molecular weight) and use live cell imaging to track whether the dye moves into neighboring cells, as would be expected if the cells have functional
O tight junctions.
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6
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3.
(into the
a. Water will flow
cell, out of the cell, in bath directions).
95% NaCl
5% H2O
5% NaCl
95% H2O
b. The cell will
(shrink,
burst, stay the same).
4. At which solution of concentration gradient is each cell diagram? (Hypotonic, Hypertonic, Isotonic)
olo o 0,0 . 0• 0,0 0 o/0
Hypertonie Solution
a.
b.
5. This diagram is moving from a high to a low concentration:
MOVEMENT OF
WATER MOLECULES
6. Using a transport protein to move particles across the membrane:
7. Describe the processes occurring in the following pictures:
+ +
+ +++
++
++ ++ +
+ +++
LOW
+ HIGH +
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11:28 PM Fri Oct 9
* 29% O
T
of
+ :
Oct 8, 2020 at 2:10 PM
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Cell Membrane Discovery
Big Idea: Cells move materials in and out of their environment through the cell membrane in order to
maintain
(balance) or
(equal state).
Composition of the Cell Membrane & Functions:
The cell membrane is also called the
membrane and is made of a
phospholipid
The phospholipids have a
(water
attracting or polar) head and two
(water repelling or non-polar)
The head of a phospholipid is made of an alcohol and phosphate group,
while the tails are 2 chains of fatty acids. Phospholipids can move apart and allow water and
other
molecules to pass through into or out of the cell. This is known as simple
because it does not require
and the molecules are moving
from areas of
concentration to an area of
concentration.
1. LABEL a phospholipid bilayer coloring the heads red and the tails blue. 2. LABEL the structure that is hydrophobic
and hydrophilic.
PHOSPHOLIPID
molecule
membrane
Another type of…
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LE Manage Sources
Insert Table of Figures
Insert Index
Insert Table
Update Index
Update Tal
Mark
Style: APA
Bibliography
Insert
Caption
Update Table
Cross-reference
Captions
Citation
F
Citations & Bibliography
Index
Table of Auth
Questions
1. A) If the potato cells were hypotonic to the surrounding solution, the surrounding solution itself
would be what to the potato cells (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic)?
B) Were the potato cells submerged in water with no salt hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to the
surrounding environment?
C) Were the potato cells submerged in 5 g/100mL salt solution hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to
the surrounding environment?
D) Look at your graph. At approximately what concentration of salt solution would the potato cells
have likely been isotonic with the surrounding solution? [Tip: Estimate approximately at what
concentration there would have been no change in the average length of potato strips.]
dnote
-tnote
tes
On
Search Researcher
Research
(-)…
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3
...|III5I I II
6.
What factor will most likely increase the rate at which diffusion occurs across a cell's plasma
membrane?
small concentration gradient across the plasma
membrane
low temperature
high concentration gradient across the plasma
membrane
large molecule size
[ת א
dé tv A
Aa
Pro
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UV light has the greatest direct effect on protein structure within a cell, causing
crosslinking of proteins.
O 1) True
2) False
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please choose correct letter and explain a bit
1. The strongest way by which a protein can maintain its shape is by using:a) ionic bonds
b) disulfide bonds
c) star war forces
d) van der Waals forces
2. If a cell (like an amoeba) would be capable of migrating from one place to another only with movement created from the inside of the cell, then we can say that that movement is done mainly by:
a) glycoproteins
b) feet
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d) actin filaments
True or False: In eukaryotic cells (such as human cells), the variety and diversity of proteins is much less than the variety and diversity of lipids.
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