IMG_4338

H H H-C-OH CH-Q HOOHH H OH Glucose H-C=O H-C-H H H-C=0 ATP ADP H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH Н Pyruvate OH Hexokinase ATP ADP IVE pyruvate kinase H-C-O-P-0 Glucose 6-phosphate (PEP) GLYCOLYSIS H-C-O-P=O H-C-OHO-H-C-OHO kinase isomerase но Phosphoenolpyruvate H-C-OH ÇO ATP ADP HO-C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H Phosphofructo H-C-OH aldose H-C-OHỌ H-C-O-P-0 HO Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate H-C-O-P=O H 6- Fructose 6-phosphate H H-C-O-P=O C=O 6- Fructose bisphosphate H-C-OHO ATP 9 H H-C-O-PO C=O o- HO-C-H Dihydroxyacetone phosphate H ADP Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2X Triose phosphate isomerase H c=0 H-C-OHO H-C-O-PO 3-phosphate Hỏ NAD + P NADH+H* -O-P=O Ó c=0 Glyceraldehyde N H-C-O-P-O Enolase H-OHO phosphoglycerates-C-O-P-0 phosphoglycerate HC-OHO kinase H H-C-O-P=O Ĥ 6- 2-Phosphoglycerate 3-Phosphoglycerate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

Medical researchers are studying a patient with the newly discovered u LEKS metabolic syndrome, in which a genetic mutaton prevents NADH produced in the cytosol from being reoxidized by the electron transport chain. Suppose the following nutrient molecule is digested and metabolized by this patient under anaerobic conditions, e.g. during a sudden intense exertion: de HO-CH: -OH Он н. HO H OH How many ATP molecules will uttimately be produced by the catabolism of this molecule? Note: you can ussume the catabohism is as complete as it can be under the conditions given above. How many molecules of pyruvate will be produced during dycalysist How many maleoules of lactate will be produced

Metobsh Shegy Seyres Aaretie Feaden ydaar e agalep ATP C0 edueod eo AP, Co mdupooi eganie e Alconol 1. What are the three kinds of enzyme-controlled reactions so that the chemical-bond energy from a certain nutrient is released to the cell in the form of ATP? 2. What are the hydrogen electron acceptors for aerobic and anaerobic respiration as well as in fermentation? 3. These are the by-products of aerobic respiration that are considered low-energy moiecules. 4. What are the outputs produced by anaerobic respiration? What about in fermentation? 5. What are two general metabolic mechanisms by which certain cells can oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP without the use of oxygen?

Handwritten Identify the molecule names, enzyme name, enzyme classification and change in reaction(for glycolysis pathway)

com/forms/d/e/1FAIPQLSC/eqW3XiZj4epr1jYXQntAml3s2wbzN_0CV2XL The end process of glycolysis is: O Malate O Acetyl - CoA O Pyruvate O G3P How many molecules of CO2 are produced by glycolysis?" O 3 2.

Given the following enzymes, reactants, and prodcuts, explain what each step is accomplishing

We have discussed the aerobic metabolism of glucose extensively in this class. To capture and use the energy in glucose to make ATP, we must utilize 4 different sequential pathways/steps. Starting with one glucose molecule and eventually ending with CO, H;O and ATP, list the 4 pathways/steps in order and tell me what molecules enter each pathway, and what the final products of each pathway are. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v BIUAv ev Tov : I

10) a) Explain why the electron transport chain (ETC) is important for the energy producing in the cellular metabolism. b) Describe and explain the route followed by electrons from glucose to 02 and ATP synthesis. (think the energenics and chemiosmotic theory) Cytnsol mtochondrial montane intarmentne Iligh ner mtochordrial membane Matrt Law (1 ADPP ATP

is considered part of aeroof metall *Give an example, taken from digestion, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis or the citric acid cycle of each of the following regulatory mechanisms o for metabolic pathways: feedback inhibition complementary control dividos dje16390solexo to etnuoms pritsuse to 29 dj n geb Isblomple s ewora' euealt Jused pig mort заsdjn -lygiosue nadw.woled awode as Ao02-Iyjobs to no nave asmosed bas dpi od of ejtine evius en a wod nislqxe anoissv19edo 9e9dd to aiasd odd allosterism dw.eesdJnye staadio to yjivijos 9d Sefovo bios bijis 9d 90 10 9361 9dJ 101пoo 9161315 1 00 odd n bobbs ei Ao no .Isbiomph esislupex A00 to noijslupei 101 Isapia adsinqoqqs n eesdaye 9J61Jio 30 noiislupe1 sd 290 to m Soveeld Jised piq ni noijsliqas W hormonal activity Ad-Pantaops zymogen-active enzyme conversion phosphorylation or dephosphorylation Vis din

How much ATP is required to synthesize one molecule of a fatty acid C12:07 Please entera number.

e 5: The third step of the pathway glycolysis is made up of the two following reactions. i. Fructose-6-phosphate + Pi Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate + H₂O 4Gº' = +16.3 kJ/mol ATP_____+ H₂O → ADP Pi AGO¹ = 30.5 kJ/mol What would be the AGO' for the production of Fructose-6-P and ATP? OAGO' = - 30.5 kJ/mol AGO' AGO' = + 16.3 kJ/mol AGO'= - 14.2 kJ/mol AGO' = 46.8 kJ/mol None of the given answers.

A diagram of the reactions of the first round of fatty acid synthesis (lipogenesis) is shown. How many cycles of the synthesis pathway are needed to produce lauric acid, C11H23COOH? || CH3 C S KSO-C-CH₂-C-SACP acetyl-ACP malonyl-ACP CO₂ || CH3 C-CH₂-C-SACP || NADPH + H+ NADP+ OH 요 CH3 CH-CH₂-C-SACP d ord H₂O CH3CH=CH-C-SACP d NADPH + H+ NADP+ CH3CH₂CH2 C-SACP number of cycles:

I don't understand it. Can u help me? Can u help me to explain to me, please?

A liver cell undergoing gluconeogenesis is incubated in the presence of 14C labelled carbonic acid (H14CO3H). Soon after the incubation begins, the gluconeogenic products and intermediates from these cells are isolated. Where would you expect the radiolabelled carbon to be found? O C1 of lactate O C1 of glucose O Carbon dioxide O C3 of phosphoenol pyruvate O C1 of phosphoenolpyruvate

Match each pathway in the catabolism of glucose with where it happens inside the cell. [Choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all.] DOD Glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+) Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain / Chemiosmosis / ATP synthase 1. cytosol (~cytoplasm) 2. inner mitochondrial membrane intermembrane space of the mitochondria 3. 4. mitochondrial matrix 5. outer mitochondrial membrane

trace the position of the elctron as this glucose molecule proceeds through glycolsis and two turns of the citric acid cycle

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complete the labels

20) Determine the number of ATPS generated from complete oxidation of a) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) b) malate c) mead acid (20 carbons, AS8.11) Indicate where everything is coming from! Like I worked out in class. (Ex: x ATPS, y NADHS from glycolysis; etc.)

I don't understand it. Can u help me? Can u help me to explain this to me, please

Number the oxygens(1-6) in any order. Trace the path of this glucose through pathways of glycolysis and the TCA cycle and determine which step of the pathways each oxygen is removed from the process.

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway is an alternate pathway from glucose to pyruvate found in microorganisms and some plants. Glucose -ATP ADP Glu-6-P -NADP NADPH/H* 6-P-Glucono-5-Lacton -H₂O 6-P-Gluconat ➤H₂O KDPG 3-3-3-88-8 ➤ H₂O -ADP ATP 1,3-bPG NAD*; P NADH/H* -ADP ATP Pyr Circle the steps that are the same as glycolysis, draw a box around those that are from the pentose phosphate pathway. Draw triangles around those that are different. KDPG looks like this ° OH HO OH OH KDPG Look at the products of the pathway. Compare the ATP and reducing equivalents produced by this pathway and the "normal" glycolysis and explain under what conditions this pathway might be active rather than the standard glycolytic pathway.

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How many acetyl CoA molecules are produced in one cycle of beta oxidation?     How many cycles would it take to catabolize a stearic acid molecule (a fatty acid, [18:0]) into acetyl Co A units?   a)How many acetyl CoA molecules would be produced?   b) How many reduced nucleotides would be produced?   c) If a molecule of glucose produces a net 32 ATP when completely catabolized, which do you think will produce more energy, one molecule of glucose or one molecule of stearic acid? Justify your answer.

b) Place a 'Yes' or a 'No' in the appropriate boxes that correspond to each listed feature of cellular respiration. You may need to state 'Yes' or 'No' in more than one box in a particular row in some cases. Cellular Respiration Feature Involved in aerobic respiration Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix Pyruvate molecules are produced Acetyl COA combines with a 4 carbon molecule Electrons are passed between protein carriers ATP is produced NAD+ gains hydrogen FADH₂ loses hydrogen Glycolysis Yes / No Krebs Cycle Yes / No Electron Transport chain Yes / No

Mitochondria were isolated from a rat heart. Figure 4 shows the relationship between palmitoyl carnithine I activity (determined by [H] palmitoyl carnithine production) and the concentration of malonyl CoA. Using this result explain the effect of malonyl CoA on fatty acid breakdown. 10 10 15 2.0 2.5 Malonyl CoA (uM) Figure 4 ['H]palmitoyl carnitine production (nmol/min/mg protein)